Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Underexplored Materials for Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage

Quek, Glenn; Roehrich, Brian; Su, Yude; Sepunaru, Lior; Bazan, Guillermo C.

doi:10.1002/adma.202104206

Cited by 35 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…[ 29 ] This class of materials is gaining increasing interests for applications in energy storage. [ 30 ] CPE‐K is a self‐ p ‐doped conjugated polyelectrolyte that is characterized by a redox‐active conjugated poly(cyclopentadithiophene‐ alt ‐benzothiadiazole) backbone and sulfonate pendant groups, see Figure a. It has been reported to self‐assemble into a hierarchical hydrogel structure primarily through ionic cross‐links.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudocapacitive Conjugated Polyelectrolyte/2D Electrolyte Hydrogels with Enhanced Physico‐Electrochemical Properties

Quek

Donato

et al. 2022

Adv Elect Materials

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Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are an attractive class of materials that synergize the electrical properties of organic semiconductors with the physical properties of hydrogels. Of particular interest is the implementation of CPHs as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage by taking advantage of redox‐tunable conjugated backbones and the large electroactive surface area. Herein, the use of 2D electrolytes as an effective post‐polymerization additive to enhance the pseudocapacitive performance of CPHs, is demonstrated. By using the self‐doped conjugated polyelectrolyte CPE‐K hydrogel as a model system, improvements in cycling stability, specific capacitance and working voltage window upon addition of the 2D electrolytes, are shown. Furthermore, positively charged 2D electrolytes to be more effective than their negatively charged counterparts are revealed. Rheology measurements and SEM imaging indicate that the 2D electrolytes serve as non‐covalent cross‐linkers that help in forming a mechanically more robust and highly percolated conducting network. These results provide a new and simple to execute post‐polymerization strategy to optimize the electrochemical performance of CPH‐based pseudocapacitors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudocapacitive Conjugated Polyelectrolyte/2D Electrolyte Hydrogels with Enhanced Physico‐Electrochemical Properties

Quek

Donato

et al. 2022

Adv Elect Materials

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“…[ 36 ] In all cases, the specific capacitance obtained for the CPE‐K/ S. oneidensis MR‐1 biocomposite was ≈70 F g −1 , matching literature precedents using gold electrodes. [ 7,36,42 ] However, a higher cycling stability for the biocomposite was obtained with carbon electrodes relative to their gold counterparts. Specifically, 70% of the initial specific capacitance was retained for the biocomposite atop carbon after 200 cycles compared to only 10% specific capacitance retention atop gold electrodes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The porous structure may offer additional structural support to prevent swelling volumetric changes within the biocomposite upon cycling. [ 42 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conjugated Polyelectrolyte/Bacteria Living Composites in Carbon Paper for Biocurrent Generation

Vázquez

McCuskey

Quek

et al. 2022

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Successful practical implementation of bioelectrochemical systems (BES)requires developing affordable electrode structures that promote efficient electrical communication with microbes. Recent efforts have centered on immobilizing bacteria with organic semiconducting polymers on electrodes via electrochemical methods. This approach creates a fixed biocomposite that takes advantage of the increased electrode's electroactive surface area (EASA). Here, it is demonstrated that a biocomposite comprising the water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte CPE-K and electrogenic Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 can self-assemble with carbon paper electrodes, thereby increasing its biocurrent extraction by ≈6-fold over control biofilms. A ≈1.5-fold increment in biocurrent extraction is obtained for the biocomposite on carbon paper relative to the biocurrent extracted from gold-coated counterparts. Electrochemical characterization revealed that the biocomposite stabilized with the carbon paper more quickly than atop flat gold electrodes. Cross-sectional images show that the biocomposite infiltrates inhomogeneously into the porous carbon structure. Despite an incomplete penetration, the biocomposite can take advantage of the large EASA of the electrode via long-range electron transport. These results show that previous success on gold electrode platforms can be improved when using more commercially viable and easily manipulated electrode materials.

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“…The reason why such anions stay inside the PPy network is the changing of sigma-bonds (cross-linkage) during reversible redox cycles keeping former mobile anions immobile [16] or in other cases the anions having a nonspherical form such as triflate anions (CF 3 ) not being able to diffuse out at reduction, shown especially on PEDOT linear films [17] where the porosity is greater than in PPy films. The ion mobility inside PPy films can be enhanced by increasing the overall conductivity of the films, for example by adding additional conductive particles as in ion gold implementation [18] or including polyelectrolytes to enhance ion conductivities [19,20]. PEO is known to be a polyelectrolyte often applied in Nafion membranes to increase ion mobility for lithium battery applications [21] but is also applied in bending actuators that contain an IPN membrane with PEO, sandwiched between conducting polymer electrodes [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypyrrole Polyethylene Composite for Controllable Linear Actuators in Different Organic Electrolytes

Khuyen

Nguyen

2022

Materials

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Controllable linear actuation of polypyrrole (PPy) is the envisaged goal where only one ion dominates direction (here anions) in reversible redox cycles. PPy with polyethylene oxide (PEO) doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate forms PPy-PEO/DBS films (PPy-PEO), which are applied in propylene carbonate (PC) solvent with electrolytes such as 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EDMICF3SO3), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4) and tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6) and compared in their linear actuation properties with pristine PPy/DBS samples. PPy-PEO showed for all applied electrolytes that only expansion at oxidation appeared in cyclic voltammetric studies, while pristine PPy/DBS had mixed-ion actuation in all electrolytes. The electrolyte TBAPF6-PC revealed for PPy-PEO best results with 18% strain (PPy/DBS had 8.5% strain), 2 times better strain rates, 1.8 times higher electronic conductivity, 1.4 times higher charge densities and 1.5 times higher diffusion coefficients in comparison to PPy/DBS. Long-term measurements up to 1000 cycles at 0.1 Hz revealed strain over 4% for PPy-PEO linear actuators, showing that combination of PPy/DBS with PEO gives excellent material for artificial muscle-like applications envisaged for smart textiles and soft robotics. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy confirmed PEO content in PPy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of PPy samples revealed 1.3 times higher ion conductivity of PPy-PEO films in PC solvent. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate morphologies of PPy samples, and EDX spectroscopy was conducted to determine ion contents of oxidized/reduced films.

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Conjugated Polyelectrolytes: Underexplored Materials for Pseudocapacitive Energy Storage

Cited by 35 publications

References 91 publications

Pseudocapacitive Conjugated Polyelectrolyte/2D Electrolyte Hydrogels with Enhanced Physico‐Electrochemical Properties

Pseudocapacitive Conjugated Polyelectrolyte/2D Electrolyte Hydrogels with Enhanced Physico‐Electrochemical Properties

Conjugated Polyelectrolyte/Bacteria Living Composites in Carbon Paper for Biocurrent Generation

Polypyrrole Polyethylene Composite for Controllable Linear Actuators in Different Organic Electrolytes

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