Conjugated polymer nanoparticles and their nanohybrids as smart photoluminescent and photoresponsive material for biosensing, imaging, and theranostics

Chen, Xi; Hussain, Sameer; Abbas, Ansar; Hao, Yi; Malik, Akhtar H.; Tian, Xuemeng; Song, Huijia; Gao, Ruixia

doi:10.1007/s00604-021-05153-w

Cited by 36 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 209 publications

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“…Their excellent mechanical properties make them highly attractive as next-generation electronic materials. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a representative p -type polymer semiconductor, is used widely in transistors and various applications, such as solar cells and sensors, because of its excellent optical and electrical properties [ 5 , 6 ]. In general, P3HT shows a low hole mobility of 0.001–0.1 cm 2 ·V −1 ·s −1 .…”

Section: Materials: Organic Semiconductors In Biomedical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the key advantages of using organic semiconductors in biomedical engineering applications is their better chemical compatibility in various synthesis steps compared to inorganic material-based semiconductors [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Therefore, electrical properties can be modified through synthetic routes depending on the selection of organic solvents, biodegradability with a proper molecular design, and the selection of functional groups in a molecular structure with a large degree of freedom ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New Opportunities for Organic Semiconducting Polymers in Biomedical Applications

2022

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The life expectancy of humans has been significantly elevated due to advancements in medical knowledge and skills over the past few decades. Although a lot of knowledge and skills are disseminated to the general public, electronic devices that quantitatively diagnose one’s own body condition still require specialized semiconductor devices which are huge and not portable. In this regard, semiconductor materials that are lightweight and have low power consumption and high performance should be developed with low cost for mass production. Organic semiconductors are one of the promising materials in biomedical applications due to their functionalities, solution-processability and excellent mechanical properties in terms of flexibility. In this review, we discuss organic semiconductor materials that are widely utilized in biomedical devices. Some advantageous and unique properties of organic semiconductors compared to inorganic semiconductors are reviewed. By critically assessing the fabrication process and device structures in organic-based biomedical devices, the potential merits and future aspects of the organic biomedical devices are pinpointed compared to inorganic devices.

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Section: Materials: Organic Semiconductors In Biomedical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Opportunities for Organic Semiconducting Polymers in Biomedical Applications

2022

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“…For these purposes, conducting polymers can be served as smooth layers obtained by electrochemical deposition methods directly on the electrodes, electrical conducting surfaces, or nanoparticles. In the case of nanoparticle formation of mini-emulsion nanoprecipitation, the microfluidic approach, or self-assembly methods, are also frequently used [ 24 ]. Additionally, conducting polymers can be highly conjugated and show metal-like conductivity.…”

Section: Conducting Polymers As a Charge Transfer Base For Tactile Se...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Polymers for the Design of Tactile Sensors

et al. 2022

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This paper provides an overview of the application of conducting polymers (CPs) used in the design of tactile sensors. While conducting polymers can be used as a base in a variety of forms, such as films, particles, matrices, and fillers, the CPs generally remain the same. This paper, first, discusses the chemical and physical properties of conducting polymers. Next, it discusses how these polymers might be involved in the conversion of mechanical effects (such as pressure, force, tension, mass, displacement, deformation, torque, crack, creep, and others) into a change in electrical resistance through a charge transfer mechanism for tactile sensing. Polypyrrole, polyaniline, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polydimethylsiloxane, and polyacetylene, as well as application examples of conducting polymers in tactile sensors, are overviewed. Attention is paid to the additives used in tactile sensor development, together with conducting polymers. There is a long list of additives and composites, used for different purposes, namely: cotton, polyurethane, PDMS, fabric, Ecoflex, Velostat, MXenes, and different forms of carbon such as graphene, MWCNT, etc. Some design aspects of the tactile sensor are highlighted. The charge transfer and operation principles of tactile sensors are discussed. Finally, some methods which have been applied for the design of sensors based on conductive polymers, are reviewed and discussed.

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“…Although they possess a rigid backbone, they become water-soluble by grafting charged pendants and neutral polar units, which can also act as sites for selective recognition of analytes through various interactions. [39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. Hence, fluorescent probes based on CPs and oligomers are advantageous in solving the problem of low LOD, and providing amplified detection of analytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligomer Sensor Nanoarchitectonics for “Turn-On” Fluorescence Detection of Cholesterol at the Nanomolar Level

et al. 2022

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Sensitive and rapid monitoring of cholesterol levels in the human body are highly desirable as they are directly related to the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. By using the nanoarchitectonic approach, a novel fluorescent conjugated oligofluorene (OFP-CD) functionalized with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was assembled for “Turn-On” fluorescence sensing of cholesterol. The appended β-CD units in OFP-CD enabled the forming of host-guest complexes with dabsyl chloride moieties in water, resulting in fluorescence quenching of the oligofluorene through intermolecular energy transfer. In the presence of cholesterol molecules, a more favorable host-guest complex with stoichiometry 1 cholesterol: 2 β-CD units was formed, replacing dabsyl chloride in β-CD’s cavities. This process resulted in fluorescence recovery of OFP-CD, owing to disruption of energy transfer. The potential of this nanoarchitectonic system for “Turn-On” sensing of cholesterol was extensively studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The high selectivity of the sensor for cholesterol was demonstrated using biologically relevant interfering compounds, such as carbohydrates, amino acids, metal ions, and anions. The detection limit (LOD value) was as low as 68 nM, affirming the high sensitivity of the current system.

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Conjugated polymer nanoparticles and their nanohybrids as smart photoluminescent and photoresponsive material for biosensing, imaging, and theranostics

Cited by 36 publications

References 209 publications

New Opportunities for Organic Semiconducting Polymers in Biomedical Applications

New Opportunities for Organic Semiconducting Polymers in Biomedical Applications

Conducting Polymers for the Design of Tactile Sensors

Oligomer Sensor Nanoarchitectonics for “Turn-On” Fluorescence Detection of Cholesterol at the Nanomolar Level

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