Conjugated polymers nanostructured as smart interfaces for controlling the catalytic properties of enzymes

Design of Immobilized Enzyme Biocatalysts: Drawbacks and Opportunities

“…Conjugated polymers (CPs) are vastly used in the field of biosensors due to their electric, electronic, magnetic and optical properties. 218,219 Immobilization of enzymes onto organic or inorganic polymer matrices has been developed to overcome some drawbacks associated to their routine use, such as the lack of longterm stability and the difficulty in their recovery and reuse. 220,221 The most extensively studied conducting polymers are polyacetylene (PA), polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), polythiophenes (PTh), polyparaphenylene (PPPh), polyparaphenylene vinylene (PPV) and polyorthotoluidine (POT) and their derivatives.…”

Enzymes immobilized in Langmuir-Blodgett films: Why determining the surface properties in Langmuir monolayer is important?

“…The morphology of Langmuir films is also an important aspect to be evaluated. For instance, urease mixed with synthetic polymer monolayers (Barbosa et al 2016) is reported to be highly heterogeneous at the air-water interface, and this pattern of morphology is maintained for the LB films as observed with atomic force microscopy. IRRAS has also been an usefully technique to evaluate enzymes adsorbed at lipid monolayers since the position of amide I and II bands is related to the secondary conformation of the polypeptide moiety in term of α-helices or β-sheets.…”

“…Other complex architectures involve carbon nanotubes (Caseli and Siqueira 2012), polysaccharides (de Brito et al 2015, Rocha et al 2016) and synthetic polymers (Barbosa et al 2016). In all these studies, it is reported that that the enzyme activity determination is crucial, especially for optical sensors, where the optical signal derives directly from the catalytic reaction of the enzyme.…”

“…Urease, although reported in the first reports, was reported recently that able to be transferred from pure Gibbs monolayers (Hou et al 2002), and have its catalytic properties enhanced with mixed at the air-water interface with anionic lipids (Caseli et al 2008b), carbon nanotubes (Caseli and Siqueira 2012), synthetic polymers (Barbosa et al 2016) or algal polysaccharides (de Brito et al 2015).…”

An aminonaphthalene‐based colorimetric and fluorescent sensor for selective recognition of Fe3+ in water

“…[18] Recently, conjugated aromatic organic polymers have gained a great deal of attention for use as electrical conducting materials. [19][20][21][22][23] Conjugated polymers (CPs) are macromolecules that consist of alternating single or double bonds and have delocalized π electrons along their backbones. The repeated π-π conjugated unit along the backbone enhances the fluorescence signal and therefore improves the sensitivity of the chemosensor.…”