Conjunctival Provocation Testing: Overview of Recent Clinical Trials in Ocular Allergy

Friedlaender, Mitchell H.

doi:10.1097/00004397-200343010-00011

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…These tests generate only static data at a certain time interval without any information on the dynamic aspects. 18,23,28,31,40,51]. As a well-established technique, CPTs are not usually included in routine diagnostic procedure [1•, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 18, 23, 31, 39, 51].…”

Section: Diagnostic Confirmation Of the Allergy And Nasal Allergy In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic Conjunctivitis and Nasal Allergy

Pelikán¹

2010

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Allergic conjunctivitis (AC) can be divided into the primary form (caused by an allergic reaction occurring primarily in the conjunctivae) and the secondary form (induced by allergic reaction originating primarily in the nasal mucosa, where the released mediators can reach conjunctiva through the lacrimal system, the blood, the lymphatic network, or the neurogenic network). Patients with primary AC develop an immediate, late, or delayed conjunctival response (CR) during conjunctival provocation tests. Patients with secondary AC develop an immediate, late, or delayed type of secondary CR, induced by the nasal allergic reaction, due to the nasal allergen challenge. Various hypersensitivity mechanisms may be involved in the particular CR types. The secondarily induced AC and CRs can only be confirmed by nasal provocations tests, performed by rhinomanometry combined with recording of conjunctival signs. The existence of the primary and secondarily induced AC has an impact on treatment of this disorder.

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Section: Diagnostic Confirmation Of the Allergy And Nasal Allergy In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic Conjunctivitis and Nasal Allergy

Pelikán¹

2010

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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“…The CPT is an excellent tool that mimics ocular allergic responses, allowing for the measurement of symptoms, inflammatory mediators, cells and pharmacologic modulation with the use of the contralateral eye for control purposes. The CPT is extremely allergen specific and sensitive [7][8][9][10] and has proven to be safe and effective in confirming a diagnosis of allergy, even in cases in which the patient's history and skin testing were doubtful [11] as demonstrated in cases of serologic negativity [negative radioallergosorbent test (RAST)], but with the presence of a positive ocular provocation (positive CPT) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late-phase reaction in ocular allergy

Choi

Bielory²

2008

Current Opinion in Allergy &Amp; Clinical Immunology

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The existing literature demonstrates that an ocular late-phase reaction also exists and has implications in the development severity of disease, change of reactivity and progression of the atopic disease state from a localized target organ, such as the nose or eye, to a more systemic atopic disorder. The existence of the clinically relevant allergic late-phase response is not only limited to the nose, skin and lungs but also includes the eyes. The appreciation that the late-phase response may be clinically very important as there is a continuum of ocular mast-cell activation during the waking hours of the day, a better understanding of its clinical impact may be a more appropriate focus in the development of future treatments.

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“…The CPTs with allergen, performed directly on the conjunctiva, confirm the role of allergic reaction occurring in the conjunctiva due to a direct exposure of conjunctival tissue to an inhalant allergen 8 9 14 16 19 22 28 . S34 The CPTs result in the manifestation of various types of primary conjunctival and/or keratoconjunctival response characterised by typical ocular signs and subjective symptoms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Inflammatory mediator profiles in tears accompanying keratoconjunctival responses induced by nasal allergy

Pelikán¹

2013

Br J Ophthalmol

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These results demonstrate a causal involvement of nasal allergy in some KC patients, inducing a secondary keratoconjunctival response of an immediate (SIOR), late (SLOR) or delayed (SDYOR) type, associated with different inflammatory mediator profiles in the tears, suggesting participation of different hypersensitivity mechanisms. These results also emphasise the diagnostic value of nasal challenge with allergen combined with monitoring of ocular response in KC patients, responding insufficiently to the usual ophthalmologic therapy.

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Conjunctival Provocation Testing: Overview of Recent Clinical Trials in Ocular Allergy

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Allergic Conjunctivitis and Nasal Allergy

Allergic Conjunctivitis and Nasal Allergy

Late-phase reaction in ocular allergy

Inflammatory mediator profiles in tears accompanying keratoconjunctival responses induced by nasal allergy

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