Connected and Automated Vehicles: Infrastructure, Applications, Security, Critical Challenges, and Future Aspects

Abstract

Autonomous vehicles (AV) are game-changing innovations that promise a safer, more convenient, and environmentally friendly mode of transportation than traditional vehicles. Therefore, understanding AV technologies and their impact on society is critical as we continue this revolutionary journey. Generally, there needs to be a detailed study available to assist a researcher in understanding AV and its challenges. This research presents a comprehensive survey encompassing various aspects of AVs, such as public adoption, driverless city planning, traffic management, environmental impact, public health, social implications, international standards, safety, and security. Furthermore, it presents emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), integration of cloud computing, and solar power usage in automated vehicles. It also presents forensics approaches, tools used, standards involved, and challenges associated with conducting digital forensics in the context of autonomous vehicles. Moreover, this research provides an overview of cyber attacks affecting autonomous vehicles, attack management, traditional security devices, threat modeling, authentication schemes, over-the-air updates, zero-trust architectures, data privacy, and the corresponding defensive strategies to mitigate such risks. It also presents international standards, guidelines, and best practices for AVs. Finally, it outlines the future directions of AVs and the challenges that must be addressed to achieve widespread adoption.

Communication Delay Outlier Detection and Compensation for Teleoperation Using Stochastic State Estimation

“…Because fully automated driving is focused on removing the human driver from the control loop, it liberates the human driver from tedious maneuvering but, consequently, leads to a loss in driving flexibility. Despite the dramatic development of artificial intelligence and the powerful computational performance of control units, there is not much doubt that it is challenging to completely remove the human driver from the conventional control loop [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Navigating the nexus of security and privacy in modern financial technologies

“…As financial institutions increasingly rely on interconnected digital ecosystems, the need for robust security measures and airtight privacy safeguards has never been more pressing. The stakes are high, with potential repercussions ranging from financial losses and reputational damage to systemic threats that could undermine the stability of the entire financial system [7], [8]. Moreover, the regulatory landscape is evolving to keep pace with the rapid technological advancements, imposing new compliance requirements and expectations on financial institutions to secure their technological infrastructures.…”

Sybil Attacks Detection and Traceability Mechanism Based on Beacon Packets in Connected Automobile Vehicles

“…With the expansion and extension of Internet applications and the support of the new generation of information technology represented by 5G, CAV technology can effectively solve the above problems. According to a report by Allied Market Research, the global self-driving car market is estimated to be USD 54.23 billion in 2019 and is expected to reach USD 556.67 billion by 2026 [2].…”