Connectivity patterns in lead-free piezocomposites: A critical analysis for 0-3 and 1-3 configurations

Two orientation effects and large anisotropy of parameters in piezo-active 2–1–2 composites based on [0 1 1]-poled crystals

“…These methods include analytical methods, finite element modelling, resonator methods and matrix methods, which are applicable to heterogeneous electro-elastic media. Two-component 2-2 [15,18,19] and 1-3 [15][16][17]20] composites based on ferroelectric ceramics are the focus of recent research related to modelling and predicting their effective properties. Composite structures can be modified to improve some parameters of homogenised materials [13,16,20].…”

“…Two-component 2-2 [15,18,19] and 1-3 [15][16][17]20] composites based on ferroelectric ceramics are the focus of recent research related to modelling and predicting their effective properties. Composite structures can be modified to improve some parameters of homogenised materials [13,16,20]. For instance, carbon nanotubes are incorporated into a polymer matrix of a 1-3 or 0-3 composite [20] to optimise their effective properties.…”

“…Composite structures can be modified to improve some parameters of homogenised materials [13,16,20]. For instance, carbon nanotubes are incorporated into a polymer matrix of a 1-3 or 0-3 composite [20] to optimise their effective properties. Reinforcing a 1-3 composite with hollow fibres [16] or with porous ceramic rods [17] is of importance to improve the parameters of the composite for piezoelectric transducer and energy-harvesting applications.…”

“…A three-component 2-1-3 composite [21] is a result of a modification of the widespread 1-3 composite structure to achieve large parameters for hydroacoustic applications. The aforementioned composites from [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] are based on ferroelectric ceramics with piezoelectric properties that can strongly influence the composite's performance.…”

“…As distinct from the piezo-active composites studied in [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], a 2-2 composite based on a domain-engineered SC poled along a specific crystallographic direction [22] is an active element of a thickness-mode driving hydrophone, and the performance of this SC-based composite was studied within the framework of theoretical and numerical methods. An important result of [2] is that the 2-2 SC/polymer composite provides a higher sensitivity and wider bandwidth in the case of the SC component poled along the [0 1 1] direction.…”