Connectomic Profiles and Cognitive Trajectories After Epilepsy Surgery in Children

Abstract

Objective:Neurocognitive outcomes following surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy in childhood are variable. Postoperative changes are not directly predicted by seizure-freedom and associations between epilepsy, neuropsychological function, and developing neural networks are poorly understood. Here, we leveraged whole-brain connectomic profiling in magnetoencephalography (MEG) to retrospectively study associations between brain connectivity and neuropsychological function in children with temporal lobe epilepsy undergoing resective surgery.Methods:Clinical and MEG data were retrospectively analyzed for children who underwent temporal lobe epilepsy surgery at the Hospital for Sick Children from 2000 to 2021. Resting-state connectomes were constructed from neuromagnetic oscillations via the weighted phase lag index. Using a partial least-squares (PLS) approach, multidimensional associations between patient connectomes, neuropsychological scores, and clinical covariates were assessed. Bootstrap resampling statistics were performed to assess statistical significance.Results:A total of 133 medical records were reviewed, and 5 PLS analyses were performed. Each PLS analysis probed a particular neuropsychological domain and the associations between its baseline and post-operative scores and the connectomic data. In each PLS analysis, a significant latent variable was identified, representing a specific percentage of the variance in the data, and relating neural networks to clinical covariates, which included changes in rote verbal memory (N=41, p = 0.01, σ2 = 0.38), narrative/verbal memory (N=57, p = 0.00, σ2 = 0.52), visual memory (N=51, p = 0.00, σ2 = 0.43), working memory (N=44, p = 0.00, σ2 = 0.52), and overall intellectual function (N=59, p = 0.00, σ2 = 0.55). Children with more diffuse, bilateral intrinsic connectivity across several frequency bands showed lower scores on all neuropsychological assessments but demonstrated a greater propensity for gains following resective surgery.Conclusion:Here, we report that connectomes characterized by diffuse connectivity, reminiscent of developmentally immature networks, are associated with lower pre-operative cognition and post-operative cognitive improvement. These findings provide a potential means to understand neurocognitive function in children with temporal lobe epilepsy and expected changes post-operatively.

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“…This may reflect a narrowing of a normally widely distributed cognitive network underlying working memory functioning. Recent research has shown that theta connectivity in specific edges were correlated negatively to working memory in paediatric temporal lobe epilepsy 90 supporting our observation that alterations in typical patterns of theta activity may interfere with working memory function in children with neurological disease. Theta modularity may represent a sensitive measure to detect differences in working memory in PAE 5, 82 .…”

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