“…PDT can be combined with other treatment modalities, such as chemotherapy (e.g., 5-FU [161] , doxorubicin [74] , oxaliplatin [100] ), immunotherapy (e.g., anti-PD-L1 antibody [162][163][164] , CTLA-4 inhibitors [101] ), targeted therapy (e.g., bevacizumab [165] , Cetuximab [166] ), or small molecule inhibitors (e.g., inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2 [167] , proteasome inhibitors [168] , AKT inhibitors [169] , autophagy inhibitors [113,170] ), to enhance the overall therapeutic effect. This multimodal approach holds the potential to improve treatment outcomes, especially in cases where diseases have advanced or exhibit resistance to conventional therapies.…”