Consequences of in vivo interactions of binary mixtures of salts of metals in alcoholic milieu on the liver and kidney of male albino Westar rats

Abstract

Effects of alcoholic solution of binary mixtures of salts of metals on some hepatic and nephrotic parameters in animal model was monitored using spectrophotometric technique. The serum activities of ALT, AST, ALP and concentrations of ALB, TP, UR, CR were assayed. Animals were orally exposed to the solutions continually for seven, fourteen and twenty one consecutive days respectively. Results obtained showed increased activities of ALT particularly for groups fed Fe+Zn and Pb+Fe relative control (P<0.01) whereas Fe+Cd was least; for AST activity, Pb+Cd caused highest increase in activity with Fe+Zn being the least; trend for ALP activity was Pb+Cd highest while Fe+Zn caused the least effect. In the case of albumin, Fe+Cd highest whereas Fe+Zn and Pb+Cd had values lower than the control group values. In the case of urea, Pb+Cd caused the highest increase whereas Fe+Zn was the least. As for creatinine, Fe+Cd caused the highest increase whereas Fe+Zn had the least (p<0.01). Alcoholic solution of Fe+Zn generally caused marginal increase of the parameters monitored whereas other metals combinations synergistically caused duration of administrationdependent increase levels of the parameters relative control groups and therefore the integrity and functions of the organs could be compromised. InStat3 Statistical Software was used and ANOVA was chosen to analyse the data; P value 0.01 was considered significant.

Effects of alcoholic solutions of three salts of metals on some hepatorenal biochemical parameters in albino Wistar rats

“…Even though alcohol is toxic, its toxicity is increased in the presence of heavy metal salts (Gazuwa et al, 2006). Gazuwa et al (2014) reported that, in alcoholic environment, cadmium and lead salts elevated serum activities of AST, and ALP; also, the levels of UR and CR. Ethanol, due to its amphiphilic property is able to diffuse into all tissues and affect their vital functions (Lieber, 2005).…”

“…Generally, binary mixtures of salts of these metals in alcohol appear to enhance its toxicity on hepatic biochemical parameters. On nephrotic parameters Cd and Pb salts in alcohol caused a very significant increase in the level of serum urea (Gazuwa et al, 2014;Gazuwa et al, 2012). Cadmium and alcohol are toxic to cells and their co-administration has been reported to cause urinary protein excretion (Gazuwa et al, 2014); also, coadministration with iron and cadmium salts caused increase the level of serum creatinine (Gazuwa et al, 2014).…”

“…Lead contamination of wine when poured from a bottle lead-capped, can sometimes greatly increase lead concentrations in the wine (Sherlock et al, 2009). Combination of cadmium and lead administered to rats was reported to cause hepatic necrosis thereby elevating the activities of AST and ALP; iron combined with zinc and iron combined with lead elevated the activity of ALT (Gazuwa et al, 2014). Generally, binary mixtures of salts of these metals in alcohol appear to enhance its toxicity on hepatic biochemical parameters.…”