Conservation and Restoration on Cement-Based Renders of Built Heritage in Shanghai, PR China

Abstract

Shocks are abundant in star-forming regions, and are often related with star formation. In our previous observations toward 100 starless clump candidates (SCCs) in the Galaxy, a sample of 34 SCCs associated with shocks is identified. In this work, we perform mapping observations of the SiO 2-1, 3-2, HC 3 N 10-9, HCO + 1-0, H 13 CO + 1-0, and H41α lines toward 9 out of the detected sources by using IRAM 30-m radio telescope to study the origins of the shocks in the SCCs. We find shocks in three sources (BGPS 3110, 3114, and 3118) are produced by collisions between the expanding ionized gas and ambient molecular gas, instead of by the star formation activity inside SCCs. On the other hand, shocks in the other six sources are related to star formation activity of SCCs. The signatures of protostellar outflows are clearly shown in the molecular lines toward BGPS 4029, 4472, 5064. Comparing our results with the previous ALMA observations performed in the same region, the shocks in BGPS 3686 and 5114 are also likely to be due to protostellar activity. The origin of shock in BGPS 5243 is still unclear although some features in the SiO spectra imply the presence of protostellar activity.

Value Analysis and Rehabilitation Strategies for the Former Qingdao Exchange Building—A Case Study of a Typical Modern Architectural Heritage in the Early 20th Century in China

“…Different from the use of different kinds of stones in the German Occupation Period, decorative renders were applied as the main surface treatment in the Qingdao Exchange Building. To imitate the stone texture commonly applied in modern Chinese buildings in an economic manner, the prevalent finish coats were applied with cement-based render, which included water brush stone, bush-hammered finish, stucco, terrazzo, and others [50].…”