Conservation evaluation and phylogenetic diversity

Faith, Daniel P.

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(92)91201-3

Cited by 4,556 publications

(4,386 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Host specificity of the most abundant parasitoid taxonomic groups (Tachinidae, Chalcidoidea, Braconidae, and Ichneumonidae) was calculated as the average host phylogenetic diversity (PD; Faith, 1992), using function pd in the package picante (Kembel et al., 2010). PD is the sum of all phylogenetic branch lengths connecting species in a community and was implemented as a measure of host specificity (Poulin, Krasnov, & Mouillot, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical canopy gradient shaping the stratification of leaf‐chewer–parasitoid interactions in a temperate forest

Šigut

Šigutová

Šipoš

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Knowledge about herbivores and their parasitoids in forest canopies remains limited, despite their diversity and ecological importance. Thus, it is important to understand the factors that shape the herbivore–parasitoid community structure, particularly the effect of vertical gradient. We investigated a quantitative community dataset of exposed and semiconcealed leaf‐chewing larvae and their parasitoids along a vertical canopy gradient in a temperate forest. We sampled target insects using an elevated work platform in a 0.2 ha broadleaf deciduous forest plot in the Czech Republic. We analyzed the effect of vertical position among three canopy levels (first [lowest], second [middle], and third [highest]) and tree species on community descriptors (density, diversity, and parasitism rate) and food web structure. We also analyzed vertical patterns in density and parasitism rate between exposed and semiconcealed hosts, and the vertical preference of the most abundant parasitoid taxa in relation to their host specificity. Tree species was an important determinant of all community descriptors and food web structure. Insect density and diversity varied with the vertical gradient, but was only significant for hosts. Both host guilds were most abundant in the second level, but only the density of exposed hosts declined in the third level. Parasitism rate decreased from the first to third level. The overall parasitism rate did not differ between guilds, but semiconcealed hosts suffered lower parasitism in the third level. Less host‐specific taxa (Ichneumonidae, Braconidae) operated more frequently lower in the canopy, whereas more host‐specific Tachinidae followed their host distribution. The most host‐specific Chalcidoidea preferred the third level. Vertical stratification of insect density, diversity, and parasitism rate was most pronounced in the tallest tree species. Therefore, our study contradicts the general paradigm of weak arthropod stratification in temperate forest canopies. However, in the network structure, vertical variation might be superseded by variation among tree species.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical canopy gradient shaping the stratification of leaf‐chewer–parasitoid interactions in a temperate forest

Šigut

Šigutová

Šipoš

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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“…We randomly sampled a subset of 60 assemblages with a sampling probability inversely proportional to the frequency of the corresponding PD, which yields a uniform distribution of phylogenetic diversities. PD was calculated as the total phylogenetic branch length of the lineage present in the community 27 divided by the number of lineages present in the assemblage. Dividing by the number of lineages present in the assemblage results in comparable ranges of PD between lineage diversity treatments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic constraints on ecosystem functioning

et al. 2012

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There is consensus that biodiversity losses will result in declining ecosystem functioning if species have different functional traits. Phylogenetic diversity has recently been suggested as a predictor of ecosystem functioning because it could approximate the functional complementarity among species. Here we describe an experiment that takes advantage of the rapid evolutionary response of bacteria to disentangle the role of phylogenetic and species diversity. We impose a strong selection regime on marine bacterial lineages and assemble the ancestral and evolved lines in microcosms of varying lineage and phylogenetic diversity. We find that the relationship between phylogenetic diversity and productivity is strong for the ancestral lineages but brakes down for the evolved lineages. our results not only emphasize the potential of using phylogeny to evaluate ecosystem functioning, but also they warn against using phylogenetics as a proxy for functional diversity without good information on species evolutionary history.

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“…(1996) H′ Shannon's diversity indexTilman et al. (1996)PDPhylogenetic diversity (the sum of all phylogenetic branch lengths connecting species together)Faith (1992)MNNDMean nearest neighbor distance (the mean of the shortest distances connecting each species to any other species in the assemblage)Webb et al. (2002)MPDMean pairwise distance (the mean of all the distances connecting species in an assemblage)Webb et al.…”

Section: Table A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity explains maximum variation in productivity under experimental warming, nitrogen addition, and grazing in mountain grasslands

Liu

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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Anthropogenic global warming, nitrogen addition, and overgrazing alter plant communities and threaten plant biodiversity, potentially impacting community productivity, especially in sensitive mountain grassland ecosystems. However, it still remains unknown whether the relationship between plant biodiversity and community productivity varies across different anthropogenic influences, and especially how changes in multiple biodiversity facets drive these impacts on productivity. Here, we measured different facets of biodiversity including functional and phylogenetic richness and evenness in mountain grasslands along an environmental gradient of elevation in Yulong Mountain, Yunnan, China. We combined biodiversity metrics in a series of linear mixed‐effect models to determine the most parsimonious predictors for productivity, which was estimated by aboveground biomass in community. We examined how biodiversity–productivity relationships were affected by experimental warming, nitrogen addition, and livestock‐grazing. Species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and single functional traits (leaf nitrogen content, mg/g) represented the most parsimonious combination in these scenarios, supporting a consensus that single‐biodiversity metrics alone cannot fully explain ecosystem function. The biodiversity–productivity relationships were positive and strong, but the effects of treatment on biodiversity–productivity relationship were negligible. Our findings indicate that the strong biodiversity–productivity relationships are consistent in various anthropogenic drivers of environmental change.

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Conservation evaluation and phylogenetic diversity

Cited by 4,556 publications

References 15 publications

Vertical canopy gradient shaping the stratification of leaf‐chewer–parasitoid interactions in a temperate forest

Vertical canopy gradient shaping the stratification of leaf‐chewer–parasitoid interactions in a temperate forest

Phylogenetic constraints on ecosystem functioning

Biodiversity explains maximum variation in productivity under experimental warming, nitrogen addition, and grazing in mountain grasslands

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