Consider lignin's hydroxyl groups content and type, its molecular weight and content when converting it into epoxy resin

Zhang, Yingtuan; Степанова, Светлана; Aelst, Korneel Van; Sels, Bert F.

doi:10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100750

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In the synthesis of epoxy resins, the phenolic functionality is exploited as a reactive site [56] . The total number of Ar−OHs has been highlighted as one of the most critical features of technical lignin to increase the cross‐linking density of the resins resulting in improved thermal resistance, mechanical properties, and more favorable epoxide equivalent weight [57] . For technical lignin upgrading, ODM is seen as a mandatory step for improving lignin's properties in the field of epoxy resins [57] .…”

Section: Odm Products: Properties and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total number of Ar−OHs has been highlighted as one of the most critical features of technical lignin to increase the cross‐linking density of the resins resulting in improved thermal resistance, mechanical properties, and more favorable epoxide equivalent weight [57] . For technical lignin upgrading, ODM is seen as a mandatory step for improving lignin's properties in the field of epoxy resins [57] . In addition to Ar−OH, the presence of aliphatic alcohols can also modify the epoxy resin properties [31a,57] .…”

Section: Odm Products: Properties and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For technical lignin upgrading, ODM is seen as a mandatory step for improving lignin's properties in the field of epoxy resins [57] . In addition to Ar−OH, the presence of aliphatic alcohols can also modify the epoxy resin properties [31a,57] . The aliphatic alcohols are abundant in RCF lignin oils, processed in the presence of Pd catalysts [7b] …”

Section: Odm Products: Properties and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancements and Perspectives toward Lignin Valorization via O‐Demethylation

Wu,

Smet,

Brandi

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

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Lignin represents the largest aromatic carbon resource in plants, holding significant promise as a renewable feedstock for bioaromatics and other cyclic hydrocarbons in the context of the circular bioeconomy. However, the methoxy groups of aryl methyl ethers, abundantly found in technical lignins and lignin‐derived chemicals, limit their pertinent chemical reactivity and broader applicability. Unlocking the phenolic hydroxyl functionality through O‐demethylation (ODM) has emerged as a valuable approach to mitigate this need and enables further applications. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the progress in the valorization of technical lignin and lignin‐derived chemicals via ODM, both catalytic and non‐catalytic reactions. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the properties and potential applications of the O‐demethylated products is presented, accompanied by a systematic overview of available ODM reactions. This review primarily focuses on enhancing the phenolic hydroxyl content in lignin‐derived species through ODM, showcasing its potential in the catalytic funneling of lignin and value‐added applications. A comprehensive synopsis and future outlook are included in the concluding section of this review.

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Section: Odm Products: Properties and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Odm Products: Properties and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Odm Products: Properties and Their Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Advancements and Perspectives toward Lignin Valorization via O‐Demethylation

Wu,

Smet,

Brandi

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

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“…Regarding the lignin-epoxy matrix, lignin with a higher OH group, particularly the phenolic OH group, is excellent for epoxy resin. The lignin OH group is closely integrated with other OH sources …”

Section: Application Of Lignin In Polymer Materials and Vanillinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin Modification for Enhanced Performance of Polymer Composites

Taher,

Wang,

Faridul Hasan

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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“…The obtained liquid lignin oil is functional, free of contaminants such as salts and sulfur, and can serve as a resource for multiple applications generally including valorization of the guaiacol/syringol monomers to drop-in chemicals ( e.g ., phenols, bisphenols, catechol, propylene, aromatic amines, , and biofuels , ). Also, the higher molecular weight fraction (dimer and oligomers) has shown potential due to its unique functionalities, such as high aliphatic primary OH content, enabling production of polyurethane, epoxy resins, − temperature-resistant lubricants, or varnish and ink production …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering Challenges for Complete Carbohydrate to Bioethanol Utilization in a Reductive Catalytic Fractionation Biorefinery

Nicolaï,

Arts,

Calderon-Ardila

et al. 2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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The reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) biorefinery, developed for high-quality lignin oil extraction from lignocellulose biomass, concurrently produces a (hemi)cellulose pulp suitable for bioethanol production. Depending on the RCF severity and delignification, 5 to 25% of the biomass’ carbohydrates are solubilized, ending up in a distinct water fraction. With the premise of full biomass exploitation, while minimizing waste and the processing costs, this work studies the integration of both pulp and water fractions from varied RCF processing parameters into separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) using birch wood and a xylose-utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. Besides advancing water fraction characterization revealing certain (reduced) sugars (oligomers), methyl sugars, and shorter polyols, efficient saccharification of the RCF pulps, up to 98% sugar yield, is observed. With high delignification and carbohydrate solubilization in the RCF, a significant 6.2% ethanol titer increase can be achieved by addition of the water fraction to the SHF. We identify both carbohydrate polymers and α/β-methyl carbohydrates in the water fraction as a carbon source for additional bioethanol production. Introducing water fractions from alternative RCF conditions results in similar or lower ethanol yields, influencing both saccharification and yeast’s xylose utilization. From the perspective of the entire, raw biomass, the maximum carbohydrate to bioethanol utilization is achieved with specific RCF parameters that focus on sufficient delignification and high carbohydrate retention, concurrently obtaining water fractions with low carbohydrate content that is better not used for bioethanol production, overall yielding 79% sugar and 59% bioethanol, of their theoretical maximum, comparable to the reported yields for established second-generation carbohydrate-centered biorefineries using hardwood.

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Consider lignin's hydroxyl groups content and type, its molecular weight and content when converting it into epoxy resin

Cited by 8 publications

References 57 publications

Advancements and Perspectives toward Lignin Valorization via O‐Demethylation

Advancements and Perspectives toward Lignin Valorization via O‐Demethylation

Lignin Modification for Enhanced Performance of Polymer Composites

Uncovering Challenges for Complete Carbohydrate to Bioethanol Utilization in a Reductive Catalytic Fractionation Biorefinery

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