“…In PMS, a group of similar machines is grouped in a certain area to serve one or more of several objectives such as minimizing the total tardiness, number of tardy jobs, maximum tardiness, and flow time (YounesSinaki, et al, 2022). Various methods including metaheuristic, mathematical model, heuristic algorithms and others were proposed in the literature to schedule (n) jobs into (m) identical parallel machines given different objectives such as minimization of the total tardiness, number of tardy jobs, or maximum tardiness and makespan (Almasarwah & Süer, 2021;Kim & Kim 2021;Verma et al, 2021). One effective method for tackling identical PMS is mathematical modeling.…”