Consideration on the Metachromatic Spectra of Toluidine Blue Dimers Formed on DNA Oligomers

Sato, Saori; Matsumoto, Shinya; Freivalds, Tālivaldis; Erenpreisa, Jekaterina

doi:10.1246/bcsj.20100032

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The ability to bind cationic dimethyl-amino residues of the aromatic stain toluidine blue by two neighbour phosphate residues of the DNA backbone in the A-form helix was found improbable due to its too narrow minor groove [ 40 ]. However, Dearing et al [ 41 ] found that acridines prefer a mixed intercalation mechanism using both minor and major grooves, while the analysis by Sinha et al [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential staining of peripheral nuclear chromatin with Acridine orange implies an A-form epichromatin conformation of the DNA

Erenpreisa

Krigerts

Salmiņa

et al. 2018

Nucleus

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The chromatin observed by conventional electron microscopy under the nuclear envelope constitutes a single layer of dense 30–35 nm granules, while ∼30 nm fibrils laterally attached to them, form large patches of lamin-associated domains (LADs). This particular surface “epichromatin” can be discerned by specific (H2A+H2B+DNA) conformational antibody at the inner nuclear envelope and around mitotic chromosomes. In order to differentiate the DNA conformation of the peripheral chromatin we applied an Acridine orange (AO) DNA structural test involving RNAse treatment and the addition of AO after acid pre-treatment. MCF-7 cells treated in this way revealed yellow/red patches of LADs attached to a thin green nuclear rim and with mitotic chromosomes outlined in green, topologically corresponding to epichromatin epitope staining by immunofluorescence. Differentially from LADs, the epichromatin was unable to provide metachromatic staining by AO, unless thermally denatured at 94oC. DNA enrichment in GC stretches has been recently reported for immunoprecipitated ∼ 1Kb epichromatin domains. Together these data suggest that certain epichromatin segments assume the relatively hydrophobic DNA A-conformation at the nuclear envelope and surface of mitotic chromosomes, preventing AO side dimerisation. We hypothesize that epichromatin domains form nucleosome superbeads. Hydrophobic interactions stack these superbeads and align them at the nuclear envelope, while repulsing the hydrophilic LADs. The hydrophobicity of epichromatin explains its location at the surface of mitotic chromosomes and its function in mediating chromosome attachment to the restituting nuclear envelope during telophase.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential staining of peripheral nuclear chromatin with Acridine orange implies an A-form epichromatin conformation of the DNA

Erenpreisa

Krigerts

Salmiņa

et al. 2018

Nucleus

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“…In such conditions, the toluidine blue (TB), a conventional indicator in colloidal titration [53], was investigated to directly quantify siRNA in various solvent conditions [54][55][56]. The TB is a positively charged dye that can interact with phosphate groups of siRNA through electrostatic interaction [57]. A depletion approach was used in which the dispersions of complexes were first incubated with an excess of TB.…”

Section: Complexation Of Cos With Sirnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chain Length of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Solution Properties and Complexation with siRNA

et al. 2019

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In the context of gene delivery, chitosan has been widely used as a safe and effective polycation to complex DNA, RNA and more recently, siRNA. However, much less attention has been paid to chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) despite their biological properties. This study proposed to carry out a physicochemical study of COS varying in degree of polymerization (DP) from 5 to 50, both from the point of view of the solution properties and the complexing behavior with siRNA. The main parameters studied as a function of DP were the apparent pKa, the solubility versus pH, the binding affinity with siRNA and the colloidal properties of complexes. Some parameters, like the pKa or the binding enthalpy with siRNA, showed a marked transition from DP 5 to DP 13, suggesting that electrostatic properties of COS vary considerably in this range of DP. The colloidal properties of siRNA/COS complexes were affected in a different way by the COS chain length. In particular, COS of relatively high DP (≥50) were required to form small complex particles with good stability.

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“…Metachromasia may be used in the identification of active mast cells in the early stages of pancreatitis (Lopez-Font et al, 2010). Metachromatic staining is very important in biological applications, such as tissue recognition (Sato et al, 2010). Metachromasia is reduced in case of granule swelling and active degranulation in mast cells (Nielsen et al, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sugammadex on rocuronium induced changes in pancreatic mast cells

et al. 2013

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Mast cells play a vital role in hypersensitivity reactions. Rocuronium is known to cause mast cell mobilization, hypersensitivity, and pancreatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sugammadex on pancreatic changes due to rocuronium. A total of 42 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into six equal groups to receive either rocuronium 1 mg/kg intravenously (i.v., R group), rocuronium 1 mg/kg + sugammadex 16 mg/kg i.v. (RS16 group), rocuronium 1 mg/kg + sugammadex 96 mg/kg i.v. (RS96 group), sugammadex 16 mg/kg (S16), sugammadex 96 mg/kg i.v. (S96 group), or 0.9% sodium chloride (control group). Sugammadex was administered 5s later following rocuronium. In R group, mast count was higher, and the distribution rate of granules and nuclear changes were different compared with other groups. Distribution rate of granules in groups S16 and S96 were similar to the control group and lower compared with other groups. The amount of mast cells and granule density in groups RS16 and RS96 was lower compared with R group. The amount of mast cells in groups RS16 and RS96 was significantly lower compared with other treatment groups. These results suggest that sugammadex may have an inhibitory effect on mobilization and morphological changes in pancreatic mast cells induced by administration of rocuronium and sugammadex in rats.

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Consideration on the Metachromatic Spectra of Toluidine Blue Dimers Formed on DNA Oligomers

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Differential staining of peripheral nuclear chromatin with Acridine orange implies an A-form epichromatin conformation of the DNA

Differential staining of peripheral nuclear chromatin with Acridine orange implies an A-form epichromatin conformation of the DNA

Effects of Chain Length of Chitosan Oligosaccharides on Solution Properties and Complexation with siRNA

Effect of sugammadex on rocuronium induced changes in pancreatic mast cells

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