2019
DOI: 10.2217/pmt-2018-0070
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Considerations in Addressing the Opioid Epidemic and Chronic Pain within the USA

Abstract: This article reviews the complexities of the opioid epidemic, considering recent research involving the current state of the opioid epidemic; chronic pain and its role in the crisis; the properties of opioids and how they interact with human neurobiology; the effectiveness and risks of opioids as a treatment for chronic pain; opioid addiction and dependence; and pharmacological and psychological interventions for opioid addiction, opioid dependence, and chronic pain management. Opioid abuse can be reduced with… Show more

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Cited by 42 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…These changes might be related to a transition in the public perception of cannabis and attitudes towards cannabis. 104,105 A survey enrolling approximately 1000 participants, among whom two-thirds were diagnosed with chronic pain, in the US found a level of 75% symptom relief with cannabis prescription. In the same study, over one-third of the near 2600 qualitative responses conveyed health benefits of the medical cannabis in treating their condition.…”
Section: Making Sense Of Current Guideline Recommendationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…These changes might be related to a transition in the public perception of cannabis and attitudes towards cannabis. 104,105 A survey enrolling approximately 1000 participants, among whom two-thirds were diagnosed with chronic pain, in the US found a level of 75% symptom relief with cannabis prescription. In the same study, over one-third of the near 2600 qualitative responses conveyed health benefits of the medical cannabis in treating their condition.…”
Section: Making Sense Of Current Guideline Recommendationsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…El uso indiscriminado de estos medicamentos está generando un importante problema de salud en países desarrollados, como la denominada epidemia de opiáceos en Estados Unidos (EEUU) más de 250.000 muertos (Guardia Serecigni, 2018;Marshall, Bland, Hulla y Gatchel, 2019;Skolnick, 2018). Esta epidemia y todas sus consecuencias no pueden ser explicadas sólo mediante propiedades farmacológicas de las sustancias, sino que responden a muy diferentes circunstancias psicosociales, culturales y económicas, que no siempre se han tenido en cuenta (Kolodny et al, 2015).…”
Section: Introductionunclassified
“…[4][5] Over the past two decades, opioid prescriptions for the treatment of chronic pain have risen dramatically despite their reduced effectiveness against chronic pain states. 3,6 Unfortunately, the prolonged use of opioid analgesics elicits numerous adverse effects including respiratory depression, tolerance, and dependence. [1][2][3] Increased prescription and duration of use of short and long-acting/extended release opioids, combined with the side effect profile of opioid medications, has led to the current opioid epidemic characterized by >40,000 opioid overdose deaths per year since 2016.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…16 Notably, anecdotal reports indicate that, unlike traditional opioid analgesics, akuamma does not elicit euphoria, tolerance, or dependence. The analgesic effects of P. nitida seeds have been generally attributed to a class of indole alkaloids known as the akuamma alkaloids composed of akuammine (1), akuammidine (2), pseudo-akuammigine (3), akuammicine (4), akuammiline (5), and picraline (6) (Figure 1). 17 In standard nociception assays, both the ethanolic extract of P. nitida and isolated 3 demonstrated antinociceptive properties.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%