Considering multiple governance levels in epidemiologic analysis of public policies

Schnake-Mahl, Alina; Jahn, Jaquelyn L.; Purtle, Jonathan; Bilal, Usama

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115444

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A major strength of this work is that we included multiple dimensions of immigrant policies observed at multiple geographies (state, county, sub-county). Analyzing immigration legislation at different levels of governance is needed to account for complexities in policy environments and the extent of residents’ exposure to policy implementation ( Schnake-Mahl et al, 2022 ). A further strength of the study is its large sample size and geographic breadth as well as our ability to include an array of individual and area-level confounders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of county- and state-level immigration-related policies on SNAP participation among immigrant households. We follow the analytic approach for health policy research where policies are explored at different levels of governance, which can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of these policies ( Schnake-Mahl et al, 2022 ). We posit that SNAP participation will be greater for individuals living in areas covered by sanctuary policies and in states with more immigrant integrating and fewer criminalizing policies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of county and state immigration policies on immigrant household enrollment in the supplemental nutrition assistance program

Argibay,

Auchincloss,

Chaparro

et al. 2024

Journal of Migration and Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of county and state immigration policies on immigrant household enrollment in the supplemental nutrition assistance program

Argibay,

Auchincloss,

Chaparro

et al. 2024

Journal of Migration and Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…76,77 Future research should assess how variation in earmarked tax design, spending requirements and restrictions, implementation processes, and community contexts influence outcomes. Research is also needed to quantify the impacts of local mental health financing initiatives and how they interact with state and federal financing structures 78 because research to date has primarily focused on federal and state financing in isolation. The legal database of earmarked taxes for mental health created through this study (Appendix) can provide a foundation for future work in these areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earmarked Taxes for Mental Health Services in the United States: A Local and State Legal Mapping Study

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Local governments are increasingly adopting policies that earmark taxes for mental health services, and approximately 30% of the US population lives in a jurisdiction with such a policy. Policies earmarking taxes for mental health services are heterogenous in their design, spending requirements, and oversight. In many jurisdictions, the annual per capita revenue generated by these taxes exceeds that of some major federal funding sources for mental health. Context State and local governments have been adopting taxes that earmark (i.e., dedicate) revenue for mental health. However, this emergent financing model has not been systematically assessed. We sought to identify all jurisdictions in the United States with policies earmarking taxes for mental health services and characterize attributes of these taxes. Methods A legal mapping study was conducted. Literature reviews and 11 key informant interviews informed search strings. We then searched legal databases (HeinOnline, Cheetah tax repository) and municipal data sources. We collected information on the year the tax went into effect, passage by ballot initiative (yes/no), tax base, tax rate, and revenue generated annually (gross and per capita). Findings We identified 207 policies earmarking taxes for mental health services (95.7% local, 4.3% state, 95.7% passed via ballot initiative). Property taxes (73.9%) and sales taxes/fees (25.1%) were most common. There was substantial heterogeneity in tax design, spending requirements, and oversight. Approximately 30% of the US population lives in a jurisdiction with a tax earmarked for mental health, and these taxes generate over $3.57 billion annually. The median per capita annual revenue generated by these taxes was $18.59 (range = $0.04‐$197.09). Per capita annual revenue exceeded $25.00 in 63 jurisdictions (about five times annual per capita spending for mental health provided by the US Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration). Conclusions Policies earmarking taxes for mental health services are diverse in design and are an increasingly common local financing strategy. The revenue generated by these taxes is substantial in many jurisdictions.

show abstract

“…Policy implementation is complex and can vary significantly across contexts ( Berenson et al, 2017 ), making it crucial to evaluate implementation determinants, processes, and outcomes. Policy implementation also spans multiple levels of government and geopolitical units of epidemiological analyses, furthering the complexity in studying policy implementation ( Schnake-Mahl et al, 2022 ). There are particular challenges in measuring policy implementation across levels of government.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative measures used in empirical evaluations of mental health policy implementation: A systematic review

Pilar

Jost

Walsh‐Bailey

et al. 2022

Implementation Research and Practice

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Mental health is a critical component of wellness. Public policies present an opportunity for large-scale mental health impact, but policy implementation is complex and can vary significantly across contexts, making it crucial to evaluate implementation. The objective of this study was to (1) identify quantitative measurement tools used to evaluate the implementation of public mental health policies; (2) describe implementation determinants and outcomes assessed in the measures; and (3) assess the pragmatic and psychometric quality of identified measures. Method Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, Policy Implementation Determinants Framework, and Implementation Outcomes Framework, we conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles published in 1995–2020. Data extracted included study characteristics, measure development and testing, implementation determinants and outcomes, and measure quality using the Psychometric and Pragmatic Evidence Rating Scale. Results We identified 34 tools from 25 articles, which were designed for mental health policies or used to evaluate constructs that impact implementation. Many measures lacked information regarding measurement development and testing. The most assessed implementation determinants were readiness for implementation, which encompassed training ( n = 20, 57%) and other resources ( n = 12, 34%), actor relationships/networks ( n = 15, 43%), and organizational culture and climate ( n = 11, 31%). Fidelity was the most prevalent implementation outcome ( n = 9, 26%), followed by penetration ( n = 8, 23%) and acceptability ( n = 7, 20%). Apart from internal consistency and sample norms, psychometric properties were frequently unreported. Most measures were accessible and brief, though minimal information was provided regarding interpreting scores, handling missing data, or training needed to administer tools. Conclusions This work contributes to the nascent field of policy-focused implementation science by providing an overview of existing measurement tools used to evaluate mental health policy implementation and recommendations for measure development and refinement. To advance this field, more valid, reliable, and pragmatic measures are needed to evaluate policy implementation and close the policy-to-practice gap. Plain Language Summary Mental health is a critical component of wellness, and public policies present an opportunity to improve mental health on a large scale. Policy implementation is complex because it involves action by multiple entities at several levels of society. Policy implementation is also challenging because it can be impacted by many factors, such as political will, stakeholder relationships, and resources available for implementation. Because of these factors, implementation can vary between locations, such as states or countries. It is crucial to evaluate policy implementation, thus we conducted a systematic review to identify and evaluate the quality of measurement tools used in mental health policy implementation studies. Our search and screening procedures resulted in 34 measurement tools. We rated their quality to determine if these tools were practical to use and would yield consistent (i.e., reliable) and accurate (i.e., valid) data. These tools most frequently assessed whether implementing organizations complied with policy mandates and whether organizations had the training and other resources required to implement a policy. Though many were relatively brief and available at little-to-no cost, these findings highlight that more reliable, valid, and practical measurement tools are needed to assess and inform mental health policy implementation. Findings from this review can guide future efforts to select or develop policy implementation measures.

show abstract

Considering multiple governance levels in epidemiologic analysis of public policies

Cited by 15 publications

References 50 publications

Impact of county and state immigration policies on immigrant household enrollment in the supplemental nutrition assistance program

Impact of county and state immigration policies on immigrant household enrollment in the supplemental nutrition assistance program

Earmarked Taxes for Mental Health Services in the United States: A Local and State Legal Mapping Study

Quantitative measures used in empirical evaluations of mental health policy implementation: A systematic review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About