Consolidation and reconsolidation share behavioural and neurochemical mechanisms

Bang, Ji Won; Shibata, Kazuhisa; Frank, Sebastian M.; Walsh, Edward G.; Greenlee, Mark W.; Watanabe, Takeo; Sasaki, Yuka

doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0366-8

Cited by 61 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The first possibility is less plausible because the results here (oculomotor exposure group) indicate that such immediate online mechanisms did not sufficiently enhance visual consolidation. These results are consistent with previous findings within the visual domain showing that the effects of reactivation on learning are not an epiphenomenon of primed retrieval enhancement and require offline stabilization periods (Amar-Halpert et al, 2017;Bang et al, 2018). Therefore, an attentional mechanism that could trigger long-term plasticity, such as spatial training, may be involved here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…To enable such interactions, we developed an experimental design pairing reactivation of an oculomotor memory with visual learning (Figure 1). This was achieved by using the framework of memory reactivation, according to which reactivation of a consolidated memory evokes consolidation-like processes that allow neural plasticity mechanisms to stabilize and update learning and memory (Amar-Halpert et al, 2017;Bang et al, 2018;Nader & Hardt, 2009). On the first day, subjects in the visual þ oculomotor reactivation group learned to execute eye movements to a specific retinotopic location while the fixation starting point was randomly varied, to create an oculomotor memory (see Figure 1A and the Materials and Methods section).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Visual-oculomotor interactions facilitate consolidation of perceptual learning

Klorfeld-Auslender

Censor

2019

Journal of Vision

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Visual skill learning is commonly considered a manifestation of brain plasticity. Following encoding, consolidation of the skill may result in between-session performance gains. A great volume of studies have demonstrated that during the offline consolidation interval, the skill is susceptible to external inputs that modify the preformed representation of the memory, affecting future performance. However, while basic visual perceptual learning is thought to be mediated by sensory brain regions or their higher-order readout pathways, the possibility of visual-oculomotor interactions affecting the consolidation interval and reshaping visual learning remains uncharted. Motivated by findings mapping connections between oculomotor behavior and visual performance, we examined whether visual consolidation can be facilitated by visualoculomotor interactions. To this aim, we paired reactivation of an oculomotor memory with consolidation of a typical visual texture discrimination task. Importantly, the oculomotor memory was encoded by learning of the pure motor component of the movement, removing visual cues. When brief reactivation of the oculomotor memory preceded the visual task, visual gains were substantially enhanced compared with those achieved by visual practice per se and were strongly related to the magnitude of oculomotor gains, suggesting that the brain utilizes oculomotor memory to enhance basic visual perception.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual-oculomotor interactions facilitate consolidation of perceptual learning

Klorfeld-Auslender

Censor

2019

Journal of Vision

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, it remains to be seen whether the current study's awake reactivation after untrained orientation is related with excitatory-dominant state after visual task. Previous studies showed that the early visual area's neurochemical environment changed to an excitatory-dominant state after offset of visual task (same 2IFC orientation detection task was used) (Bang, Shibata, et al, 2018;Shibata et al, 2017). In particular, one study used 8 blocks of visual task (Shibata et al, 2017) and the other study used 3 blocks of visual task that was trained on the previous day (Bang, Shibata, et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of the behavioral test was to measure individual's threshold S/N ratio for each orientation. The threshold S/N ratio per block was calculated as the geometric mean of the last 6 reversals, following previous studies (Bang, Milton, Sasaki, Watanabe, & Rahnev, 2019;Bang, Shibata, et al, 2018;Shibata et al, 2017). The behavioral training was performed for one randomly chosen orientation among 45 and 135.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awake reactivation and suppression after brief task exposure depend on task novelty

Bang

Rahnev

2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Previously learned information is known to be reactivated during periods of quiet wakefulness and such awake reactivation is considered to be a key mechanism for memory consolidation.We recently demonstrated that feature-specific awake reactivation occurs in early visual cortex immediately after extensive visual training on a novel task. To understand the exact role of awake reactivation, here we investigated whether such reactivation depends specifically on the task novelty. Subjects completed a brief visual task that was either novel or extensively trained on previous days. Replicating our previous results, we found that awake reactivation occurs for the novel task even after a brief learning period. Surprisingly, however, brief exposure to the extensively trained task led to "awake suppression" such that neural activity immediately after the exposure diverged from the pattern for the trained task. Further, subjects who had greater performance improvement showed stronger awake suppression. These results suggest that the brain operates different post-task processing depending on prior visual training.

show abstract

“…Specifically, we measured the concentrations of glutamate (Glx), an excitatory neurotransmitter, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter in human early visual areas, using MRS concurrently with polysomnography that determines sleep stages. We chose early visual areas, because VPL has been found to be associated with changes in early visual areas 28,[30][31][32] , and measured the excitation (E)/inhibition (I) balance as the concentration of Glx divided by the concentration of GABA. The E/I balance is regarded as a reliable index of the degree of plasticity and stability in early visual areas 30, 33,34 .…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opponent neurochemical and functional processing in NREM and REM sleep in visual learning

Tamaki

Wang

Barnes-Diana

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sleep is beneficial for learning. However, whether NREM or REM sleep facilitates learning, whether the learning facilitation results from plasticity increases or stabilization and whether the facilitation results from learning-specific processing are all controversial. Here, after training on a visual task we measured the excitatory and inhibitory neurochemical (E/I) balance, an index of plasticity in human visual areas, for the first time, while subjects slept. Off-line performance gains of presleep learning were associated with the E/I balance increase during NREM sleep, which also occurred without presleep training. In contrast, increased stabilization was associated with decreased E/I balance during REM sleep only after presleep training. These indicate that the above-mentioned issues are not matters of controversy but reflect opposite neurochemical processing for different roles in learning during different sleep stages: NREM sleep increases plasticity leading to performance gains independently of learning, while REM sleep decreases plasticity to stabilize learning in a learning-specific manner.

show abstract

Consolidation and reconsolidation share behavioural and neurochemical mechanisms

Cited by 61 publications

References 44 publications

Visual-oculomotor interactions facilitate consolidation of perceptual learning

Visual-oculomotor interactions facilitate consolidation of perceptual learning

Awake reactivation and suppression after brief task exposure depend on task novelty

Opponent neurochemical and functional processing in NREM and REM sleep in visual learning

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About