Constraining coseismic earthquake slip using Structure from Motion from fault scarp mapping (East Helanshan Fault, China)

Wei, Zhenyu; He, Huaiyu; Lei, Qiyun; Sun, Huiping; Liang, Zihan

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107552

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Offset. Recent studies have distinguished seismic events from dense offset data sets by calculating the COPD to identify clusters in the frequency distribution of seismic events, thereby revealing the rupture history and recurrence patterns of strong earthquakes and providing valuable information about the potential future behavior of faults [54,55]. Lin et al [52] concluded that the interpretation of paleoearthquake events by COPD should ensure the following three points: (1) original historical coseismic slip data are used; (2) the coefficient of variation (CoV) value is relatively low; (3) there are sufficient offset measurement data.…”

Section: Cumulative Offset and Coseismicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Slip Distribution and Earthquake Rupture Model of the Fuyun Fault, China, Based on High-Resolution Topographic Data

et al. 2021

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The characteristics of earthquake surface ruptures, such as geometry, slip distribution, and coseismic deformation, contain important information about the earthquake rupture process, and so investigations and analyses of earthquake surface rupture have played a crucial role in modern earthquake hazard studies, especially with the increasing availability of high-resolution topographic and imagery data for tectono-geomorphic interpretation. In this study, we use Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry to build a 1 m resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the fault and combine this with filed observations to map the surface ruptures of the 1931 M8.0 Fuyun earthquake, China. These high-resolution topographic data enable to identify and measure the displaced gullies, and so the rupture locations and along-strike slip distribution are obtained in detail. Four paleoearthquake events are identified through the offset cluster characteristics. The coseismic offset of the 1931 Fuyun earthquake is extracted from the offset distribution, which shows four continuous undulations along the fault strike, corresponding to the four segments of surface rupture. Moreover, a high offset gradient is observed in the step area connected by the rupture segment. These findings, combined with the width and bending angle of the step area at the joint of the rupture segment, indicate that the 1931 Fuyun earthquake was a cascade rupture formed by four rupture segments. This study expands the available offset measurement data of Fuyun fault and confirms the applicability of high-resolution topographic data to active tectonic research.

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Section: Cumulative Offset and Coseismicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Slip Distribution and Earthquake Rupture Model of the Fuyun Fault, China, Based on High-Resolution Topographic Data

et al. 2021

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“…The general deformation fringe patterns in the satellite's ground line of sight (LOS) highlight minor surface ruptures, indicating possible fault reactivations and contributing to a better understanding of the coseismic events [11]. Despite the need of a few days to collect satellite data on the same area, interferometry is a valuable tool to guide a field survey and locate the area in which to collect more precise data from near-field sensors [12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sentinel-1 Interferometry and UAV Aerial Survey for Mapping Coseismic Ruptures: Mts. Sibillini vs. Mt. Etna Volcano

et al. 2023

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The survey and structural analysis of surface coseismic ruptures are essential tools for characterizing seismogenic structures. In this work, a procedure to survey coseismic ruptures using satellite interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data, directing the survey using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), is proposed together with a field validation of the results. The Sentinel-1 A/B Interferometric Wide (IW) Swath TOPSAR mode offers the possibility of acquiring images with a short revisit time. This huge amount of open data is extremely useful for geohazards monitoring, such as for earthquakes. Interferograms show the deformation field associated with earthquakes. Phase discontinuities appearing on wrapped interferograms or loss-of-coherence areas could represent small ground displacements associated with the fault’s ruptures. Low-altitude flight platforms such as UAV permit the acquisition of high resolution images and generate 3D spatial geolocalized clouds of data with centimeter-level accuracy. The generated topography maps and orthomosaic images are the direct products of this technology, allowing the possibility of analyzing geological structures from many viewpoints. We present two case studies. The first one is relative to the 2016 central Italian earthquakes, astride which the InSAR outcomes highlighted quite accurately the field displacement of extensional faults in the Mt. Vettore–M. Bove area. Here, the geological effect of the earthquake is represented by more than 35 km of ground ruptures with a complex pattern composed by subparallel and overlapping synthetic and antithetic fault splays. The second case is relative to the Mt. Etna earthquake of 26 December 2018, following which several ground ruptures were detected. The analysis of the unwrapped phase and the application of edge detector filtering and other discontinuity enhancers allowed the identification of a complex pattern of ground ruptures. In the Pennisi and Fiandaca areas different generation of ruptures can be distinguished, while previously unknown ruptures pertaining to the Acireale and Ragalna faults can be identify and analyzed.

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“…A series of active faults developed between the basins and mountains and generated a series of strong historical earthquakes (Figure 1A). Certain faults have been investigated around the Yinchuan Graben, such as the East Helanshan, Yinchuan-Pingluo, and Yellow River faults (Middleton., et al, 2016a;Middleton, et al, 2016b;Lei, 2016;Wei et al, 2021); yet several faults remain unstudied (Zhang et al, 2021). Clarifying the late Quaternary activity of these faults and the occurrence of paleoearthquakes is critical for establishing a regional seismotectonic model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary faulting and paleoearthquakes along the northern section of the Bayanhaote fault and their implications for regional seismotectonics

Chen

Huang

2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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Analysis of the late Quaternary activity and paleoseismicity of the Bayanhaote fault is critical because it is part of the frontier of the propagating Tibetan Plateau and the boundary between the Alxa and Ordos blocks, and the development of a regional seismotectonic model surrounding the Helan Mountains is crucial. We studied offset landforms and paleoearthquakes along the northern section of the Bayanhaote fault and found that it deformed dextrally, with a slight reverse slip to the east. A channel and a deluvial edge on the alluvial terrace, aged between 56.28 ± 4.04 ka and 82.2 ± 5.78 ka, are right-laterally offset and a sag pond formed on the east side of the fault scarp. We calculated a dextral slip rate of 1.0–2.4 mm/a. Three surface-rupturing paleoearthquakes were discovered in the reversely offset strata in a trench south of Sumutu village. We infer that these three earthquakes might be a portion of surface-rupturing earthquakes by comparing them with documented paleoearthquake data along the southern half of the Bayanhaote fault. We established a regional seismotectonic model around the Helan Mountains using our new and published geological and geophysical data. The seismic risk along the dextral Bayanhaote fault to the west of the Helan Mountains is also substantial. The dextral Bayanhaote fault west of the Helan Mountains and the normal fault system in the east constitute the active boundary belt between the Alxa and Ordos blocks.

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Constraining coseismic earthquake slip using Structure from Motion from fault scarp mapping (East Helanshan Fault, China)

Cited by 8 publications

References 57 publications

Surface Slip Distribution and Earthquake Rupture Model of the Fuyun Fault, China, Based on High-Resolution Topographic Data

Surface Slip Distribution and Earthquake Rupture Model of the Fuyun Fault, China, Based on High-Resolution Topographic Data

Sentinel-1 Interferometry and UAV Aerial Survey for Mapping Coseismic Ruptures: Mts. Sibillini vs. Mt. Etna Volcano

Late Quaternary faulting and paleoearthquakes along the northern section of the Bayanhaote fault and their implications for regional seismotectonics

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