Constraint manipulation as a feasible strategy for gait alteration and intervention: a scoping review

Abstract

In this paper, we describe general information regarding the use of the partial body weight support (BWS) paradigm as a strategy to manipulate constraints during walking by individuals with and without gait impairments. We present two overground BWS systems implemented by our research group and the main studies that have been conducted so far. Non-disabled young adults, individuals with stroke, and children with cerebral palsy were considered in our investigations. Gait assessment with different amounts of body weight unloading on both the treadmill and the ground, as well as gait training protocols with BWS on these surfaces, were conducted, and general results are reported. Based on our investigations, we suggest that the use of a BWS system on a treadmill and on the ground, as a strategy for manipulating constraints, enables individuals with gait impairment to walk. More importantly, professionals in the field of gait rehabilitation can carry out training protocols throughout the manipulation of implements that assist walking, such as using a harness connected to a structure.