The potato itself has high nutritional value, strong adaptability, long industrial chain and extremely stable yield. At the same time, due to the rich variety of processed products, the further improvement of China’s social and economic level is greatly strengthened. In February 2016, the Ministry of Agriculture issued guiding opinions on promoting the development of the potato industry, which took potato as the main food product for industrial development. The central government attaches great importance to the rapid development of the potato industry, but at the same time, it also exposes many problems, which affect the production and development of the potato industry to a large extent. In order to change this problem, the relevant staff needs to strengthen the application of intelligent technology, so as to improve the level of potato production and processing and improve the competitive advantage of China’s potato industry. There are many types of research on the potato industry in China, but most of them focus on Cultivation and maintenance skills, and there is almost no research on market competition of agricultural products economic management based on the intelligent system. Based on the current situation of potato production in China, combined with the advantages of an intelligent system, this paper analyzes its competitive advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of economic management, and constructs the industrial competitiveness analysis model with the intelligent system as the core technology, and analyzes and discusses the adverse factors affecting the competitiveness. And from the perspective of international trade, the export competitiveness of China’s potato industry was analyzed. Finally, we collected Ximeng as the sample of this study and verified the core points of improving competitiveness from the research. In this paper, based on the intelligent system management of the potato planting industry on agricultural product economic management of market competition optimization research, to a certain extent, filled the domestic blank, has high research and promotion value.