Constraints on the Cosmological Parameters with Three-Parameter Correlation of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Abstract

As one of the most energetic and brightest events, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be treated as a promising probe of the high-redshift universe. Similar to type Ia supernovae, GRBs with the same physical origin could be treated as standard candles. We select GRB samples with the same physical origin, which are divided into two groups. The first group consists of 31 GRBs with a plateau phase feature of a constant luminosity followed by a decay index of about −2 in the X-ray afterglow light curves, and the second group has 50 GRBs with a shallow decay phase in the optical light curves. For the selected GRB samples, we confirm that there is a tight correlation between the plateau luminosity L 0, the end time of plateau t b , and the isotropic energy release E γ,iso. We also find that the L 0–t b − E γ,iso correlation is insensitive to the cosmological parameters and that no valid limitations on the cosmological parameters can be obtained using this correlation. We explore a new three-parameter correlation L 0, t b , and the spectral peak energy in the rest-frame E p,i (L 0–t b –E p,i ), and find that this correlation can be used as a standard candle to constrain the cosmological parameters. By employing the optical sample only, we find the constraints of Ω m = 0.697 − 0.278 + 0.402 ( 1 σ ) for a flat ΛCDM model. For the non-flat ΛCDM model, the best-fitting results are Ω m = 0.713 − 0.278 + 0.346 , Ω Λ = 0.981 − 0.580 + 0.379 ( 1 σ ) . For the combination of the X-ray and optical samples, we find Ω m = 0.313 − 0.125 + 0.179 ( 1 σ ) for a flat ΛCDM model, and Ω m = 0.344 − 0.112 + 0.176 , Ω Λ = 0.770 − 0.416 + 0.366 ( 1 σ ) for a non-flat ΛCDM model.

A Critical Examination of the Standard Cosmological Model: Toward a Modified Framework for Explaining Cosmic Structure Formation and Evolution

“…At the core of current cosmological discussions is the significant challenge of understanding the formation of structures and the evolution of galaxies amidst the backdrop of the accelerated expansion in the late-time universe. The Friedmann model, rooted in the cosmological principle, has effectively described the universe's evolution in line with empirical observations [3][4][5][6]. However, the mystery of dark energy and the force driving cosmic acceleration remains a persistent challenge in contemporary physical cosmology [7,8].…”

Radio Plateaus in Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows and Their Application in Cosmology

“…More interestingly, compared with SN Ia observations that suffer extinction from the interstellar medium, gamma-ray photons are much less affected as they travel toward us (Wang et al 2015). Therefore, GRBs have a great advantage as a kind of standard candle that constrains the cosmological parameters (Dai et al 2004;Liang et al 2008;Cardone et al 2010;Lin et al 2016;Amati et al 2019;Xu et al 2023;Li et al 2023) and cosmic star formation rate (Yu et al 2015;. However, the process is not so easy because of the complex classifications and physical mechanisms of GRBs.…”