Constraints on the Mantle Sources of the Deccan Traps from the Petrology and Geochemistry of the Basalts of Gujarat State (Western India)

Melluso, Leone; Beccaluva, Luigi; Brotzu, P.; Gregnanin, Arrigo; Gupta, Alok K.; Morbidelli, L.; Traversa, G.

doi:10.1093/petrology/36.5.1393

Cited by 110 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Few occurrences of picritic rocks are encountered also along the western part of the Narmada rift and in the Saurashtra peninsula, south of Botad (Melluso et al, 1995;Krishnamurthy et al, 2000). Cores of olivine phenocrysts in them are forsteritic (Krishnamurthy et al, 2000).…”

Section: The Deccan Tholeiites and Picritesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Were the Deccan Flood Basalts Derived in Part from Ancient Oceanic Crust Within the Indian Continental Lithosphere?

Sheth¹

2005

Gondwana Research

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Deep mantle plumes supposedly incorporate deeply subducted eclogitized oceanic crust, and continental flood basalts (CFBs) are now thought by some to be derived from such eclogite-bearing peridotite plumes. Eclogite-peridotite mixtures have much lower solidi (and produce much greater melt fractions for a given temperature) than peridotite. Ferich (eclogite-or pyroxenite-bearing) sources have been inferred for many CFBs. However, plumes with considerable amounts of eclogite should have difficulty in upwelling owing to the high density of eclogite. Besides, CFBs are always located along pre-existing lithospheric structures (suture zones, edges of thick cratons) and commonly associated with lithospheric rifting and continental breakup. India's major late Mesozoic CFB, the Deccan Traps, erupted through rift zones and a new continental margin that had developed along ancient suture zones traversing the subcontinent. Many Deccan basalts are too Fe-rich to have been in equilibrium with a peridotite mantle source, and have commonly been considered to be significantly fractionated derivatives of picritic liquids. However, it is possible to view them as relatively less evolved liquids derived from a source with extra fertility (i.e., an Fe-rich source). A new non-plume, plate tectonic model for Icelandic hotspot volcanism involves melting of a shallowly recycled slab of eclogitized Iapetus oceanic crust formerly trapped along the Caledonian suture. The model explains the geochemical-petrological characteristics of Icelandic basalts, and is consistent with passive upper mantle upwelling under Iceland inferred from recent seismic tomography. Based on the petrological and geochemical features of the Deccan flood basalts of the type section, in the Western Ghats, I propose that old, eclogitized oceanic crust trapped in the ancient Indian suture zones could have produced voluminous basaltic melts during the Deccan event.

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Section: The Deccan Tholeiites and Picritesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Were the Deccan Flood Basalts Derived in Part from Ancient Oceanic Crust Within the Indian Continental Lithosphere?

Sheth¹

2005

Gondwana Research

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“…The Deccan basalts had mantle potential temperature of ∼14007C (Sen 1995, Sen 2001White and McKenzie 1995) and eruption temperature of 11257-12007C (Melluso et al 1995). Although the general consensus is that the bulk of the eruption took place at 65-66 Ma, existing age data show that magmatism continued long after 61 Ma (Lightfoot et al 1987;Sheth et al 2001) to ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Basement of the Deccan Traps and Its Madagascar Connection: Constraints from Xenoliths

Upadhyay

Kooijman

Singh

et al. 2015

The Journal of Geology

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“…Several studies have attempted to characterize the primary magmas of the Deccan flood basalts in western India ( Fig. 1a; Krishnamurthy and Cox 1977;Sen 1988Sen , 1995Cohen and Sen 1994;Melluso et al 1995;Sen and Chandrasekharam 2011). Sen (1988) compared primitive Deccan tholeiites with experimental partial melts of peridotite (Takahashi and Kushiro 1983) and concluded Abstract The Powai ankaramite flow from Mumbai, western Deccan Traps, contains abundant crystals of augite (En 59-47 Fs 10-14 Wo 27-42 , 22-40 modal %, 3-5 mm) and olivine (Fo 84-74 , 11-16 modal %, 1-2 mm), and minor plagioclase (An 71 , ~0.5 mm) embedded in a fine-grained matrix.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Picrites sensu lato with >12 wt% MgO (IUGS classification, Le Bas 2000) are common in the Deccan Traps of Gujarat and Saurashtra (Kathiawar) in the northwestern part of the province (Krishnamurthy and Cox 1977;Melluso et al 1995) as well as in the Western Ghats near the west coast of India (Fig. 1a, Beane et al 1986; Beane and Hooper 1988;Krishnamurthy et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of the Powai ankaramite, and the composition, P–T conditions of equilibration and evolution of the primary magmas of the Deccan tholeiites

Chatterjee

Sheth

2015

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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and Mahabaleshwar Formations show that their primary magmas (wt% SiO 2 : 48-50, last equilibrated with spinel lherzolite at ~8-13 kb (~30-49 km depths) and ~1268-1332 °C, and trace element considerations indicate ≤15 % batch melting of mantle. These tholeiitic primary magmas then underwent olivine gabbro fractionation in upper crustal magma chambers at depths ≤23 km. The minimum depth of equilibration of the primary magmas is shallower than the present-day Moho in the Mumbai area based on seismological data, indicating localized mantle upwelling and lower crustal interactions previously inferred from the Nd-Sr isotopic ratios and other geochemical characteristics of the ankaramite and associated tholeiites.

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Constraints on the Mantle Sources of the Deccan Traps from the Petrology and Geochemistry of the Basalts of Gujarat State (Western India)

Abstract: nali and Mahableshwar Formations of the Western Ghats, testifies also to the presence of more incompatible element rich, OIB-like mantle sources in northern and northwestern Gujarat. These sources were geochemically similar to the present-day Reunion mantle sources.

Cited by 110 publications

References 63 publications

Were the Deccan Flood Basalts Derived in Part from Ancient Oceanic Crust Within the Indian Continental Lithosphere?

Were the Deccan Flood Basalts Derived in Part from Ancient Oceanic Crust Within the Indian Continental Lithosphere?

The Basement of the Deccan Traps and Its Madagascar Connection: Constraints from Xenoliths

Origin of the Powai ankaramite, and the composition, P–T conditions of equilibration and evolution of the primary magmas of the Deccan tholeiites

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