Construct validity of the Trail Making Test: Role of task-switching, working memory, inhibition/interference control, and visuomotor abilities

Sánchez-Cubillo, Ignacio; Periáñez, José A; Adrover‐Roig, Daniel; Rodríguez-Sánchez, José Manuel; Ríos-Lago, Marcos; Tirapu, Javier; Barceló, Francisco

doi:10.1017/s1355617709090626

Cited by 1,063 publications

(888 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In addition, eye movements (as potential indicators as to where attention had been allocated) have previously been shown to be similar in the speed and interactivity rating tasks, as well as in control and experimental stimuli in typical participants (Schultz et al 2005). Moreover, both our groups did not differ in the Trail Making Test (TMT), a test of visuospatial attention, which also involves mental flexibility and attentional set-shifting abilities (Reitan 1958;Sánchez-Cubillo et al 2009). Performance on the TMT did not show a significant correlation with the social motion experiment, nor did it account for TPJ gray matter in the ASD or control group.…”

Section: Alternative Accountsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Right Temporoparietal Gray Matter Predicts Accuracy of Social Perception in the Autism Spectrum

David

Schultz

Milne

et al. 2013

J Autism Dev Disord

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Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show hallmark deficits in social perception. These difficulties might also reflect fundamental deficits in integrating visual signals. We contrasted predictions of a social perception and a spatialndash;temporal integration deficit account. Participants with ASD and matched controls performed two tasks: the first required spatiotemporal integration of global motion signals without social meaning, the second required processing of socially relevant local motion. The ASD group only showed differences to controls in social motion evaluation. In addition, gray matter volume in the temporalndash;parietal junction correlated positively with accuracy in social motion perception in the ASD group. Our findings suggest that socialndash;perceptual difficulties in ASD cannot be reduced to deficits in spatialndash;temporal integration

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Section: Alternative Accountsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Right Temporoparietal Gray Matter Predicts Accuracy of Social Perception in the Autism Spectrum

David

Schultz

Milne

et al. 2013

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…The SMART is an integrative training that aims to improve multiple domains of cognitive functions such as abstract reasoning, goal management, and selective attention (Vas et al., 2011). The number–letter switching versus motor speed of the trail‐making test measures cognitive processing speed, working memory, and the ability to switch tasks while maintaining a goal (Sánchez‐Cubillo et al., 2009). Although improvements in cognitive functions following the SMART for TBI can reflect improvement in the trail‐making test scores, the trail‐making test does not measure the same level of cognitive functions that the SMART improves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategy‐based reasoning training modulates cortical thickness and resting‐state functional connectivity in adults with chronic traumatic brain injury

et al. 2017

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IntroductionPrior studies have demonstrated training‐induced changes in the healthy adult brain. Yet, it remains unclear how the injured brain responds to cognitive training months‐to‐years after injury.MethodsSixty individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) were randomized into either strategy‐based (N = 31) or knowledge‐based (N = 29) training for 8 weeks. We measured cortical thickness and resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) before training, immediately posttraining, and 3 months posttraining.ResultsRelative to the knowledge‐based training group, the cortical thickness of the strategy‐based training group showed diverse temporal patterns of changes over multiple brain regions (p vertex < .05, p cluster < .05): (1) increases followed by decreases, (2) monotonic increases, and (3) monotonic decreases. However, network‐based statistics (NBS) analysis of rsFC among these regions revealed that the strategy‐based training group induced only monotonic increases in connectivity, relative to the knowledge‐based training group (|Z| > 1.96, pNBS < 0.05). Complementing the rsFC results, the strategy‐based training group yielded monotonic improvement in scores for the trail‐making test (p < .05). Analyses of brain–behavior relationships revealed that improvement in trail‐making scores were associated with training‐induced changes in cortical thickness (p vertex < .05, p cluster < .05) and rsFC (p vertex < .05, p cluster < .005) within the strategy‐based training group.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that training‐induced brain plasticity continues through chronic phases of TBI and that brain connectivity and cortical thickness may serve as markers of plasticity.

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“…The TMT-A requires the participant to join together a series of points in numerical order while the TMT-B requires the participant to join together a series of points alternating between numerical and alphabetical order. Performance on the trail making test is thought to be influenced by a number of cognitive processes including task switching, attention and executive control in the TMT-B and processing speed in the TMT-A, many of the same components thought to be involved in complex span task performance and hence, language recognition (see for example, Sánchez-Cubillo et al, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Speech-in-Noise Recognition From Performance on the Trail Making Test

et al. 2016

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Short summary (100 words)The purpose of the study was to investigate the relation between performance on the Trail Making Test and speech-in-noise recognition. All tests were administered over the internet and a sample of 1509 adults aged between 18 and 91 years old was recruited. The results of the study indicate that better performance in the TMT is associated with better speech-innoise recognition scores. This association was not limited to the higher order processes indexed in the TMT-B test but was also observed in relation to performance in the simple TMT-A test, thought to index processing speed. 3 ABSTRACT (250 words)Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the utility of an internet-based version of the trail making test to predict performance on a speech in noise perception task Design: Data were taken from a sample of 1509 listeners aged between 18 and 91 years old.Participants completed computerized versions of the Trail Making Test and an adaptive speech-in-noise recognition test. All testing was conducted via the internet. Results:The results indicate that better performance on both the simple and complex subtests of the TMT are associated with better speech-in-noise recognition scores. 38 percent of the participants had scores on the speech in noise test that indicated the presence of a hearing loss. Conclusions:The findings suggest that the TMT may be a useful tool in the assessment, and possibly the treatment, of speech-recognition difficulties. The results indicate that the relation between speech-in-noise recognition and TMT performance relates both to the capacity of the TMT to index processing speed and to the more complex cognitive abilities also implicated in TMT performance.

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Construct validity of the Trail Making Test: Role of task-switching, working memory, inhibition/interference control, and visuomotor abilities

Cited by 1,063 publications

References 38 publications

Right Temporoparietal Gray Matter Predicts Accuracy of Social Perception in the Autism Spectrum

Right Temporoparietal Gray Matter Predicts Accuracy of Social Perception in the Autism Spectrum

Strategy‐based reasoning training modulates cortical thickness and resting‐state functional connectivity in adults with chronic traumatic brain injury

Predicting Speech-in-Noise Recognition From Performance on the Trail Making Test

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