Constructing the Embodied Carbon Flows and Emissions Landscape from the Perspective of Supply Chain

Zhao, Quingjian; Wen, Zongguo; Toppinen, Anne

doi:10.3390/su10113865

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Environmental sustainability has gradually become of vital importance in academia, companies, and government due to new regulations, customer expectations, and market pressures on green product purchasing [11]. According to [12], the environmental sustainability of the supply chain can be reflected by its use of resources and GHG emissions along the supply chain. The knowledge of carbon emission is of great significance both for company managers and for the government environmental assessment toward a low-carbon strategy.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The knowledge of carbon emission is of great significance both for company managers and for the government environmental assessment toward a low-carbon strategy. However, it requires measuring the spatial variation of carbon along the production process, providing the information for identifying the main sources of carbon emission [12].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CO2 Emissions from Fuel Consumption in the Logistic Stages of the Brazilian Bioethanol Supply Chain

Bartholomeu¹,

Lopes²,

Yoshizaki³

2020

Sustainability

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The study reports the CO2 emissions from diesel combustion in the following stages of the Brazilian ethanol supply chain: (a) agricultural operations (management), (b) sugarcane transportation to the mill, and (c) biofuel transportation to the destination. To assess the sensitivity of the results to different origins, five regions representative of ethanol production were selected, and the final destination was the port of Santos. The transportation stage from the mill to the port included the possible effects of using multimodal alternatives, such as road–rail and road–pipeline. The results indicate that diesel consumption varies greatly by region of origin, and agricultural management, such as tilling, planting, and harvesting operations, accounts for about 70% of total diesel emissions to the ethanol supply chain. Rail and pipeline transportation are ultimately important for mitigating emissions from fuel consumption in logistics corridors for exporting ethanol. It is a valuable contribution to supporting private actions and public policies related to the mitigation of emissions in the logistic stages of bioethanol, especially related to the optimization of the agricultural management process and improvement of the multimodal transport infrastructure, respectively. It is also a lesson to countries intending to produce ethanol from sugarcane.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Consumption in the Logistic Stages of the Brazilian Bioethanol Supply Chain

Bartholomeu¹,

Lopes²,

Yoshizaki³

2020

Sustainability

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“…The calculation of the embodied carbon flow and carbon emissions in the forestry-pulp and paper supply chain is mainly based on the material balance of input and output at all levels in the supply chain [26,50]. First, based on the input-output mapping matrix among the various sectors, the loss rate is fully considered, and the resource consumption of each sector is calculated.…”

Section: Embodied Carbon Flows Based On Production Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Forest tending, pulping, papermaking and other sectors constitute a complete system. Energy flows and carbon footprint are embodied in the production processes [26]. Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used to compare factors such as wood consumption, energy consumption and other environmental impacts of unbleached primary pulp, recycled fiber pulp and chemical preheated mechanical pulp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Flows and Carbon Footprint in the Forestry-Pulp and Paper Industry

Zhao

Ding

Wen

et al. 2019

Forests

Self Cite

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In the context of global climate change, energy conservation and greenhouse effect gases (GHG) reduction are major challenges to mankind. The forestry-pulp and paper industry is a typical high energy consumption and high emission industry. We conducted in-depth research on the energy flows and carbon footprint of the forestry-pulp paper industry. The results show that: (1) The main sources of energy supply include external fossil fuel coal and internal biomass fuel black liquor, which supply 30,057,300 GJ and 14,854,000 GJ respectively; in addition, the energy produced by diesel in material transportation reaches 11,624,256 GJ. (2) The main energy consumption processes include auxiliary engineering projects, material transportation, papermaking, alkali recovery, pulping and other production workshops. The percentages of energy consumption account for 26%, 18%, 15%, 10% and 6%, respectively. (3) The main sources of carbon include coal and forest biomass, reaching 770,000 tons and 1.39 million tons, respectively. (4) Carbon emissions mainly occur in fuel combustion in combined heating and power (CHP) and diesel combustion in material transportation, reaching 6.78 million tons and 790,000 tons of carbon, respectively. (5) Based on steam and electricity consumption, the indirect carbon emissions of various thermal and electric energy production units were calculated, and the key energy consumption process units and hotspot carbon flow paths were further found. This research established a theoretical and methodological basis for energy conservation and emission reduction.

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“…The input-output model is a suitable method for analyzing complex network data structures. It originated from the field of economics, but gradually began to be used in the field of embodied energy [2][3][4][5], embodied carbon [6][7][8][9], and embodied water [10][11][12]. The economic input-output table has become necessary statistical data for many countries during the study of the economy; it has also become the basis for in-depth analyses of economic structures in the field of economics [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Visualization Method of the Economic Input–Output Table: Mapping Monetary Flows in the Form of Sankey Diagrams

et al. 2021

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The input–output table and input–output method have been widely used to understand complex economic structures and are often used in cross-disciplinary research between economics and other disciplines, such as analysis of embodied energy, carbon footprints, the water–food nexus, etc. However, when researchers present these results to audiences, especially policymakers, they often lack an effective visualization tool to present (1) the full picture of the input–output table; (2) the complicated upstream–downstream nexus, and (3) the input–output relationships between the economic sectors. Therefore, a better visualization method is developed to solve this problem. We propose mapping an input–output table into a Sankey diagram, a so-called monetary allocation Sankey diagram. We first designed the mapping structure of a monetary allocation Sankey diagram according to the general structure of an economic monetary input–output table to establish the correspondence nexus between the table and diagram. We used China as a case study to demonstrate the usage of the monetary allocation Sankey diagram. The purpose of the monetary allocation Sankey diagram is to help people understand the input–output table in a short time and quickly grasp the big picture of the economic system. To verify whether this goal is achieved, we presented and applied these Sankey diagrams on different occasions and obtained evaluations from scholars from different academic backgrounds. The evaluation shows that the monetary allocation Sankey diagram is not only a visualization result of the input–output table but also a miniature model of the economic system, which allows people to “truly observe” the complex input–output relationship and upstream–downstream nexus in the economic system. Researchers can quickly grasp the main features of the economic system by observing the miniature model, or they can use this miniature model as an auxiliary tool to introduce the economic system and its inherent complex relationships to the audience.

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Constructing the Embodied Carbon Flows and Emissions Landscape from the Perspective of Supply Chain

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Consumption in the Logistic Stages of the Brazilian Bioethanol Supply Chain

CO2 Emissions from Fuel Consumption in the Logistic Stages of the Brazilian Bioethanol Supply Chain

Energy Flows and Carbon Footprint in the Forestry-Pulp and Paper Industry

A Visualization Method of the Economic Input–Output Table: Mapping Monetary Flows in the Form of Sankey Diagrams

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