Construction and validation of the My Medicines and Me Questionnaire for assessment of the self-reported side effects of psychotropic medication

Ashoorian, Deena; Davidson, Rowan; Röck, Daniel; Dragović, Milan; Clifford, Rhonda

doi:10.1097/yic.0000000000000072

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This finding further highlights the need for screening for, and managing, MRPs in this population. The inclusion of the M3Q tool [ 34 ], which is readily available for pharmacists to access [ 46 ], in the Initial Health Review may have facilitated further discussion with consumer participants about medication related adverse effects compared to other types of MRPs. Regardless, the identification of numerous MRPs, irrespective of type, across both populations indicates the importance of timely access to services which are tailored to the needs of individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the intervention was intended to be holistic, with medication review forming a component of the intervention, emphasis was placed on physical health and wellbeing. Further instruments were made available to pharmacists to help with issue identification, including the My Medicines and Me Questionnaire (M3Q) which can assist in the detection of side-effects from psychotropic medication use [ 34 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medication-related problems identified by community pharmacists: a descriptive case study of two Australian populations

Collins,

Hu,

McMillan

et al. 2023

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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Background Medication-related problems (MRPs) contribute significantly to preventable patient harm and global healthcare expenditure. Vulnerable populations, including Indigenous Australians (please note that the use of the term ‘Indigenous’ in this paper includes all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and acknowledges their rich traditions and heterogenous cultures.) and people living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI), may be at increased risk of MRPs. Pharmacist-led medication reviews can identify MRPs for targeted action. Objective To characterize MRPs identified and recommendations made by community pharmacists during medication reviews conducted with Indigenous Australians and people living with SPMI. Methods Participants were recruited through two Australian trials testing the feasibility and/or effectiveness of novel community pharmacist-led interventions, the Indigenous Medication Review Service (IMeRSe) feasibility study (June 2018–July 2019) and Bridging the Gap between Physical and Mental Illness in Community Pharmacy (PharMIbridge) randomized controlled trial (September 2020–December 2021). Trained community pharmacists conducted medication reviews responsive to the cultural and health needs of participants. MRPs, MRP severity and pharmacist recommendations were documented and classified using an established classification system (DOCUMENT). MRP severity was assessed by pharmacists and an independent assessor. Data were analysed descriptively, and paired t-tests were used to compare severity ratings. Results Pharmacists identified 795 MRPs with 411 participants across both trials (n = 255 IMeRSe, n = 156 PharMIbridge). Non-adherence to medication was the most common (n = 157, 25.1%) and second-most common (n = 25, 14.7%) MRP in IMeRSe and PharMIbridge, respectively. Undertreatment was the second-most common MRP in the sample of Indigenous Australians (n = 139, 22.2%), and reports of toxicity/adverse reactions were most common in people living with SPMI (n = 41, 24.1%). A change in pharmacotherapy was the most frequent recommendation made by pharmacists (40.2% and 55.0% in IMeRSe and PharMIbridge, respectively). Severity ratings varied, with the majority being ‘Mild’ or ‘Moderate’ in both groups. Significant differences were found in the severity rating assigned by trial pharmacists and the independent assessor. Conclusions Community pharmacists identified a range of MRPs experienced by two at-risk populations, most commonly non-adherence and toxicity or adverse reactions, when conducting medication reviews and proposed diverse strategies to manage these, frequently recommending a change in pharmacotherapy. These findings highlight the opportunity for more targeted approaches to identifying and managing MRPs in primary care and tailored community pharmacist-led interventions may be of value in this space. Trail Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry records (IMeRSe ACTRN12618000188235 registered 06/02/2018 & PharMIbridge ACTRN12620000577910 registered 18/05/2020).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medication-related problems identified by community pharmacists: a descriptive case study of two Australian populations

Collins,

Hu,

McMillan

et al. 2023

J of Pharm Policy and Pract

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“…Unfortunately, antipsychotic treatment is associated with side effects, including weight gain, sexual dysfunction, extrapyramidal symptoms, and sedation (Ames et al, 2016; Papola et al, 2019; Solmi et al, 2017; van Strien et al, 2015). Studies have shown the presence of side effects is associated with physical and psychological morbidity, reduced quality of life and high rates of discontinuation of pharmacological treatment (Ashoorian et al, 2015; Correll et al, 2017; Firth et al, 2019; Kane et al, 2013; Vancampfort et al, 2016; Vancampfort et al, 2015; Wykes et al, 2017; Young et al, 2015). Furthermore, differences in side effect profiles between antipsychotics are more marked than the relatively smaller differences in efficacy (Huhn et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical validation of the self-reported Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale using the clinician-rated UKU side-effect scale as gold standard reference

et al. 2020

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Background: Antipsychotics are key for the treatment of psychotic and several non-psychotic disorders. Unfortunately, antipsychotic medications are associated with side effects, which may reduce quality of life and treatment adherence. Therefore, regular screening of antipsychotic side effects is essential. The Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale is a patient self-report scale developed for this purpose. However, the Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale has only been validated against another self-report side effect measure, which is suboptimal. Objective: We aimed to validate the Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale using the clinician-rated Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser side-effect rating scale as the gold standard reference. Results: 81 antipsychotic-treated outpatients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (age = 42±13 years; males = 43%, schizophrenia = 77%, illness duration: median = 11 years) completed the Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale and were subsequently scored on the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser by trained raters. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for paired Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale and Udvalg for Kliniske Undersøgelser items. Sensitivity of Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale items ranged from 33–96%, with 19 (86%) having >75% sensitivity. Lowest sensitivity emerged for “nocturnal enuresis” (33%), “galactorrhea” (50%) and “hyperkinesia” 14–99%, with 14 items (64%) having >75% specificity, being lowest for “asthenia” (14%), “polyuria/polydipsia” (35%), “sedation” (41%), “akathisia” (53%), “dystonia” (65%), “hyperkinesia” (68%), “hypokinesia” (70%) and “accommodation” (70%). Positive predictive value ranged from 7–85%, with six items (27%) having a positive predictive value >75%. Negative predictive value ranged from 40–98%, with 21 items (95%) having a negative predictive value >75%. The mean time to complete the Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale was 4±2 minutes. Conclusion: The Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale demonstrated satisfactory validity as a self-rated tool for antipsychotic side effects and may aid measurement-based care and decision-making.

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“…Formal psychometric testing has been carried out on the closed questions resulting in 32 items in the checklist component [Ashoorian et al 2015]. The final version of the M3Q is given in Appendix 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the My Medicines and Me (M3Q) side effect questionnaire for mental health patients: a qualitative study

Ashoorian

Davidson

Röck

et al. 2015

Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology

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Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the acceptability, content validity and usability of the My Medicines and Me (M3Q) self-report side effect questionnaire. Methods: Eight focus groups consisting of mental health patients, carers, general practitioners, psychiatrists, mental health nurses and pharmacists were conducted, involving 78 participants. Two researchers independently examined the transcriptions and analysed the data thematically using an inductive method. Results: The findings supported changes to the formatting, length and phrasing of questions in the original version of the questionnaire. Although the groups provided differing views on the usability of the M3Q in clinical practice, the patient and carer groups were unconditionally in favour of such a tool to be used systematically to describe patients' subjective experiences with side effects. Conclusion: The differing contribution made by all groups involved in the administration and completion of the M3Q assisted with content validity of the questionnaire. The acceptability and usability of this novel side effect questionnaire was also explored, with many participants agreeing it was a necessary tool for a patient centred approach to treatment. Following implementation of the changes to the current format of the questionnaire, investigation into the uptake and use in clinical practice should be carried out.

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Construction and validation of the My Medicines and Me Questionnaire for assessment of the self-reported side effects of psychotropic medication

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Medication-related problems identified by community pharmacists: a descriptive case study of two Australian populations

Medication-related problems identified by community pharmacists: a descriptive case study of two Australian populations

Clinical validation of the self-reported Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-effect Scale using the clinician-rated UKU side-effect scale as gold standard reference

Development of the My Medicines and Me (M3Q) side effect questionnaire for mental health patients: a qualitative study

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