“…For soil-structure interaction problems, the commercially-available finite element code, PLAXIS, has been widely used and reported by many researchers to model the behaviour of deep foundations with an acceptable accuracy (Prakoso and Kulhawy 2001;Sellountou et al, 2005;Oh et al, 2008). In this study, PLAXIS was used because it is capable of solving non-linear plasticity problems using a -staged construction‖ operation, which allows for changing the load configuration on the model pile head, pore water pressure distribution, and pile geometry.…”