Construction of Efficient Recombinant Strain Through Genome Shuffling in Marine Endophytic Fusarium sp. ALAA-20 for Improvement Lovastatin Production Using Agro-Industrial Wastes

Production and characterization of staphylokinase enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus ASIA4

“…However, Yarzábal et al, stated that in almost all cases, a decrease of the initial velocity of activation was observed with EDTA and a wide range of metal ions [30]. These results supported microorganisms as a proli ic resource for pharmaceutical agents as recently reported by many authors [31,32].…”

Marine endophytic fungal metabolites: A whole new world of pharmaceutical therapy exploration

“…Since the number of marine organisms is so large, it is important to devise creative and imaginative strategies that provide superior prospects for isolating new endophytic fungi as well as emergence of new and diverse biologically active compounds with pharmaceutical applications [ 30 ]. These strategies include; 1) searching about unique fungal sources as the deep-sea, hydrothermal vents, hyper saline water bodies and hypoxic environments, offshore waters, and oil polluted regions which are prospective to be a host for endophytes with unusual bioactive products are recommended in upcoming years [ 31 ], 2) the culture-independent molecular technique and meta-genomic method aim to reveal microbial variety, particularly real symbioses that can be gained through vertical transmission among generations [ 47 ], 3) the progress of new isolation method copying the natural environments to obtained new symbiosis particularly uncultured symbiotic fungi and great-flux screening procedure for assaying the biological activity [ 4 , 6 , 23 ], 4) successful isolation approach for trace natural compounds and great-flux selection procedure for assaying the biological activity [ 56 ], 5) selection about gene cluster participates in the biosynthesis of significant pharmaceutical and medical metabolites and detection of biosynthesis mechanisms [ 1 , 2 , 27 ], and 6) heterologous expression of pharmacological metabolites of uncultured symbiosis and huge scale productivity of natural compounds [ 3 , 41 ].…”

“…There is an ever-emerging need for new and beneficial compounds attributed to the emergence of life-threatening viruses and multidrug-resistant bacteria [ 1 ]. Traditional sources of natural bioactive products that include temperate plants and soil microbes have failed to combat the observed increase in fungal infectious agents and persistent disease problems worldwide especially in immunocompromised patients such as transplanted people and cancer patients due to the use of several immunosuppressants [ 2 , 3 ]. The certain microbial products appear to be distinguishing of certain biotopes, accordingly it appears that hunting novel drugs with novel modes of action should focus on organisms that reside unparalleled biotopes.…”

“…Accelerating rates of ecological degradation and damage caused to terrestrial and marine ecosystems by means of climate alteration, toxic insecticides and the release of industrial effluents into such environment has managed to the loss of biodiversity mainly of plant, coral, and sponge species along with the loss of their endophytic fungal species that were not discovered until now. There may be as many as a million species of endophytic fungi alone, yet only about 100,000 have been described so far [ 1 , 2 ]. The fact that new microbes are usually associated with new natural compounds makes endophytes, with their great genetic variety and undefined species, an effective tool for overcoming deadly diseases, and reducing the de-replication complications in compound discovery.…”

“…Endophytic fungi have biotechnology potential in diverse life science applications such as anticancer drugs (taxol, L-asparaginase, L-glutaminase, tyrosinase, and methioninase) [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], antibacterial agents (essramycin, ayamycin, benzopyrones derivatives, and coumarine derivatives) [ 13 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], antifungal agents (saadamycin, and prodigiosin) [ 20 , 21 ], antiviral agents [ 4 , 7 ] and in the biological control of various plague and contaminants [ 15 , 22 , 23 ]. These activities are attributed to the unique products of endophytes including steroids, alkaloids, terpenoids, quaternions, isocoumarin and quinones derivatives, phenolic, flavans and xanthones compounds as well as peptides with pharmaceutical and biotechnology applications [ 1 , 2 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. This review focuses on elucidating the vital role and importance of marine endophytic fungi that could open a new era for different areas of biotechnology.…”