Consumer, physician, and payer perspectives on primary care medication management services with a shared resource pharmacists network

Smith, Marie; Cannon-Breland, Michelle L.; Spiggle, Susan

doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2013.08.003

Cited by 37 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Except for lowering its payroll expenses and controlling other operating expenses, community pharmacy should proceed to certain efficiency improvements such as increasing the use of technology through investing in laborsaving technologies. Besides, enterprise should look over obtaining revenue for medication therapy management services provided (Smith et al, 2014). By performing such corrective actions, business's net profit margin ratio annual values will slowly but surely conduct an increasing trend.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prosperity of community pharmacy evaluated by gross and net profit and suggested corrective measures. 10 years study / Prosperita verejnej lekárne hodnotená prostredníctvom hrubého a čistého zisku a opatrenia vedúce k ich náprave. 10 ročná štúdia

Malovecka

Papargyris

Mináriková

et al. 2015

Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae

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Monitoring, calculation and assessment of community pharmacy prosperity with the help of financial analysis indicators for years 2003-2012, using financial statements was conducted, with respect to profitability parameters such as gross and net profit ratios. These ratios reflect various changes that hold between years 2003 and 2012. Under the time of financial crisis, recession and serious socioeconomic changes the profitability parameter gross profit ranged from x2003-2011=14.3-22.8% (average=19.2%, mean=19.8%, σ=2.4), but in 2012 decreased on 14.3%. Net profit ranged x2003-2011 = 2.3-18.3% (average=14.6%, mean =16.6%, σ = 4.9), while in 2012 reached only 2.3%. All changes that have taken place in the society had impact on community pharmacy finance by worsening its profitability. Therefore, the stability of community pharmacy may be threatened and may affect its future performance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prosperity of community pharmacy evaluated by gross and net profit and suggested corrective measures. 10 years study / Prosperita verejnej lekárne hodnotená prostredníctvom hrubého a čistého zisku a opatrenia vedúce k ich náprave. 10 ročná štúdia

Malovecka

Papargyris

Mináriková

et al. 2015

Acta Facultatis Pharmaceuticae Universitatis Comenianae

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“…Single-handed doctors, doctors not affiliated to physician networks or doctors who had never worked with clinically trained pharmacists in primary care had more difficulty envisaging collaborations with pharmacists than doctors in group practices or a hospital-physician network, who had previous working experience with clinical pharmacists. 95 In general, the studies we found suggested that it was necessary to work around or weaken defensive professional perceptions of other professionals; 89 and around doctors' and patients' resistance to boundary-spanners cultivating cross-professional and cross-organisational relationships. 87 Causal link 3:9 -multidisciplinary teams produce health planning and better preventative care…”

Section: Causal Link 3:7 -Inclusion Of New Roles In Multidisciplinarymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…131 To these outcomes must be added the perennial uncertainties of implementation, especially when changes (such as revising occupational roles) are contentious and may be resisted or renegotiated. 95 As Pineault et al 60 observed in Québec, modifications of structures and resources come first, with new working practices always lagging behind.…”

Section: Perverse or Unforeseen Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…At first, most doctors seemed reluctant to consider pharmacists as providing patient care but reviewing their training and knowledge led some physicians to value pharmacists' contribution to patient care. 95 …”

Section: Causal Link 3:7 -Relationship Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pharmacists) as MDT members and acknowledging the need for them. In one study, 95 some doctors expressed concerns about having pharmacists challenge their prescribing decisions directly or overstepping their professional boundaries, while others valued having pharmacists work with them as team members and saw them as a critical piece of a patient-centred medical team. Single-handed doctors, doctors not affiliated to physician networks or doctors who had never worked with clinically trained pharmacists in primary care had more difficulty envisaging collaborations with pharmacists than doctors in group practices or a hospital-physician network, who had previous working experience with clinical pharmacists.…”

Section: Causal Link 3:7 -Inclusion Of New Roles In Multidisciplinarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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From programme theory to logic models for multispecialty community providers: a realist evidence synthesis

Sheaff

Brand

Lloyd

et al. 2018

Health Serv Deliv Res

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Background The NHS policy of constructing multispecialty community providers (MCPs) rests on a complex set of assumptions about how health systems can replace hospital use with enhanced primary care for people with complex, chronic or multiple health problems, while contributing savings to health-care budgets. Objectives To use policy-makers’ assumptions to elicit an initial programme theory (IPT) of how MCPs can achieve their outcomes and to compare this with published secondary evidence and revise the programme theory accordingly. Design Realist synthesis with a three-stage method: (1) for policy documents, elicit the IPT underlying the MCP policy, (2) review and synthesise secondary evidence relevant to those assumptions and (3) compare the programme theory with the secondary evidence and, when necessary, reformulate the programme theory in a more evidence-based way. Data sources Systematic searches and data extraction using (1) the Health Management Information Consortium (HMIC) database for policy statements and (2) topically appropriate databases, including MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, PsycINFO, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA). A total of 1319 titles and abstracts were reviewed in two rounds and 116 were selected for full-text data extraction. We extracted data using a formal data extraction tool and synthesised them using a framework reflecting the main policy assumptions. Results The IPT of MCPs contained 28 interconnected context–mechanism–outcome relationships. Few policy statements specified what contexts the policy mechanisms required. We found strong evidence supporting the IPT assumptions concerning organisational culture, interorganisational network management, multidisciplinary teams (MDTs), the uses and effects of health information technology (HIT) in MCP-like settings, planned referral networks, care planning for individual patients and the diversion of patients from inpatient to primary care. The evidence was weaker, or mixed (supporting some of the constituent assumptions but not others), concerning voluntary sector involvement, the effects of preventative care on hospital admissions and patient experience, planned referral networks and demand management systems. The evidence about the effects of referral reductions on costs was equivocal. We found no studies confirming that the development of preventative care would reduce demands on inpatient services. The IPT had overlooked certain mechanisms relevant to MCPs, mostly concerning MDTs and the uses of HITs. Limitations The studies reviewed were limited to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and, because of the large amount of published material, the period 2014–16, assuming that later studies, especially systematic reviews, already include important earlier findings. No empirical studies of MCPs yet existed. Conclusions Multidisciplinary teams are a central mechanism by which MCPs (and equivalent networks and organisations) work, provided that the teams include the relevant professions (hence, organisations) and, for care planning, individual patients. Further primary research would be required to test elements of the revised logic model, in particular about (1) how MDTs and enhanced general practice compare and interact, or can be combined, in managing referral networks and (2) under what circumstances diverting patients from in-patient to primary care reduces NHS costs and improves the quality of patient experience. Study registration This study is registered as PROSPERO CRD42016038900. Funding The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Services and Delivery Research programme and supported by the NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South West Peninsula.

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Medication therapy management: The evolution of clinical pharmacy services in U.S. Community‐Based Pharmacy Practice—An opinion of the community‐based practice and research network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy

Eddy,

Ballou,

Finke

et al. 2024

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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Pharmacists in all settings are continually expanding their roles and responsibilities and advocating for the profession. Pharmacists, as medication experts, are trained to identify and resolve medication therapy problems. The act of providing clinical pharmacist expertise is not tied to a specific practice setting, but rather is the mindset in which a pharmacist approaches patient‐centered practice. In community‐based pharmacy settings, pharmacists have been providing clinical services for years through Medication Therapy Management (MTM) and other enhanced services which prioritize quality care. This manuscript will outline the history of the pharmacist's role in managing patients utilizing MTM, present evidence of positive patient care outcomes from pharmacist‐led services in the community‐based setting, and provide recommendations for United States payers to acknowledge and increase payment for pharmacist‐led services. This paper represents the opinion of the Community‐Based Practice and Research Network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) in the United States. It does not necessarily represent an official ACCP commentary, guideline, or statement of policy or position.

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Consumer, physician, and payer perspectives on primary care medication management services with a shared resource pharmacists network

Cited by 37 publications

References 12 publications

Prosperity of community pharmacy evaluated by gross and net profit and suggested corrective measures. 10 years study / Prosperita verejnej lekárne hodnotená prostredníctvom hrubého a čistého zisku a opatrenia vedúce k ich náprave. 10 ročná štúdia

Prosperity of community pharmacy evaluated by gross and net profit and suggested corrective measures. 10 years study / Prosperita verejnej lekárne hodnotená prostredníctvom hrubého a čistého zisku a opatrenia vedúce k ich náprave. 10 ročná štúdia

From programme theory to logic models for multispecialty community providers: a realist evidence synthesis

Medication therapy management: The evolution of clinical pharmacy services in U.S. Community‐Based Pharmacy Practice—An opinion of the community‐based practice and research network of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy

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