Consumo de alcohol, tabaco, cannabis y otras drogas en la adolescencia: efectos de la familia y el barrio [Use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other drugs in adolescence: Effects of family and neighborhood]

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the protective or risk factors of parental educational styles for the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and other drugs, considering the interaction of parenting styles with the dangerousness of the neighborhood. Based on the responses of 628 adolescents, 369 females (58.8%) and 259 males (41.2%) between 15 and 17 years old (<em>M</em> = 16.03 years old, <em>SD</em> = 0.79 years old), families were classified according to their educational style (authoritative, indulgent, authoritarian or neglectful) and their level of perceived neighborhood risk (high or low). Results showed no interaction effect; however, main effects of educational styles and perceived neighborhood risk were obtained. Adolescents from indulgent families showed the lowest consumption in the substances evaluated, while those from authoritative, authoritarian and neglectful families showed the highest consumption. Moreover, adolescents from high-risk neighborhoods obtained the highest consumption. Indulgent educational style, acting primarily through affection and not imposition, works as a protective factor regardless of the danger in the neighborhood. The importance of encouraging this parental performance in prevention and intervention programs is highlighted, promoting specific educational strategies to improve affection, communication and parental involvement.

Desajuste psicosocial en la adolescencia: socialización parental, autoestima y uso de sustancias

“…The latter obtained worse scores on emotional self-esteem than the children from indulgent families, and their scores did not differ from those obtained by adolescents from authoritarian homes. This main effect confirms findings from other studies, even though the trajectory of vulnerabilities throughout adolescence has generally not been considered (Fuentes et al, 2015a;Garcia & Gracia, 2009Martínez et al, 2013;Rodrigues et al, 2013).…”

Validation of the Five-Factor Self-Concept Questionnaire AF5 in Brazil: Testing Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance Across Language (Brazilian and Spanish), Gender, and Age

“…The ESPA29 theoretical structure was confirmed in studies conducted in Spain (Musitu and García, 2001), Brazil (Martínez et al, 2011, 2012) and the United States (Martínez et al, 2017) showing an invariant pattern for adolescent males and females. This scale has been utilized in a great many studies to consistently relate parenting with other variables (e.g., Martínez and García, 2007; Gracia et al, 2012; Martínez et al, 2013; Fuentes et al, 2015a,b). It is remarkable that the ESPA29 parenting acceptance/involvement dimension has been related to high adolescents' self-concept, and the strictness/imposition dimension has been related to low adolescent self-concept (e.g., Fuentes et al, 2011a,b; García and Gracia, 2014).…”

Estilos relacionales parentales: estudio con adolescentes y sus padres

“…No obstante, algunos autores refieren en sus estudios que el estilo parental permisivo funciona como factor de prevención del consumo de sustancias y es el estilo que presenta un menor consumo (Fuentes, Alarcón, García & Gracia, 2014;Martínez, Fuentes, García & Madrid 2013). Cabe aclarar que los problemas de conducta que presentan los adolescentes con padres permisivos son menores que los que presentan los adolescentes con padres autoritarios y negligentes (Gracia, Fuentes & García, 2010).…”