Consumo de refeições e petiscos da população brasileira: composição nutricional, estruturação temporal e espacial dos hábitos alimentares

Abstract

Meals and snacking consumption of Brazilian population: nutritional composition, temporal and spatial structure of eating habits Introduction: Globalization promoves socioeconomic and cultural transformations that's generate changes in the modes of eating. Objective: to analyze characteristics of food events consumption among the Brazilian population, considering the sociodemographic characteristics. Casuistic and methods: an empirical survey of food, cooking techniques and food events consumption of the Brazilian population from the colonial period to the beginning of the 21st century was carried out, followed by a probabilistic analysis of the consumption of food events in the population through the microdata of the module consumption of the Family Budget Survey 2008-2009. For the probabilistic analysis, the food events were categorized in global meals, subdivided in traditional or mixed and snacks, with purpose and degree of food processing. "Global meals" were categorized through the inclusion of culinary preparations and / or processed foods, with the optional presence of foods from the ultraprocessed food group; these were subdivided into "traditional meals", which contained only culinary preparations and / or processed foods and "mixed meals" with the presence of culinary preparations and / or processed foods and the mandatory presence of ultraprocessed products; "Snacks" included food events with the exclusive presence of ultraprocessed foods. Statistical analyzes were performed using the STATA software. Univariate linear regression and logit regression were used to test the relationship between the occurrence of food events and sociodemographic characteristics. The significance level of 5% and 95% confidence intervals were considered. Results: in the colonial period, the process of Brazilian culinary formation was related to food monotony. The arrival of the Portuguese court in the country and the process of urbanization stimulated new standards of food consumption. From the intensification of the globalization process in the 1960s, there was an increase in the consumption of processed foods in all income strata. The standardization of food consumption is related to a high degree of technology, disruption of meals, lack of regulation and pleasure. The probabilistic analysis on the consumption of food events counted on a sample of 34,003 people (age> 10 years). The mean number of daily food events was 4.52 (CI: 4.48-4.55), 3.93 (CI: 3.90-3.96) overall meals, 2.63 (CI: 2, 59-2,67) traditional meals, 1.32 (IC: 1.30-1.35) mixed meals and 0.56 (IC: 0.54-0.58) snacks. The probability of performing traditional meals in urban domicile situations presented a negative effect (p <0.05), whereas the consumption of mixed meals and snacks showed a positive trend (p <0.05). The analysis of the probability of the combination of 4 or more traditional meals presented a similar trend. The probability of at least one snack per day was significant for women, people living in the Southeast and South of the country, income inc...