Contact dermatitis due to ethoxyquin

Savini, Carlo; Piancastelli, E.; Restani, S.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0536.1989.tb04758.x

Cited by 19 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“… 1 McIntosh et al [ 58 ], 2 Drewhurst [ 13 ], 3 Little [ 10 ], 4 Ito et al [ 59 ], 5 Yamashita et al [ 60 ], 6 Neal et al [ 61 ], 7 Manson et al [ 53 ], 8 Leong and Brown [ 62 ], 9 Wang et al [ 63 ], 10 Rodríguez-Trabado et al [ 9 ], 11 Brandao [ 5 ], 12 Savini et al [ 6 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethoxyquin: An Antioxidant Used in Animal Feed

Błaszczyk

Augustyniak

Skolimowski

2013

International Journal of Food Science

101

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Ethoxyquin (EQ, 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) is widely used in animal feed in order to protect it against lipid peroxidation. EQ cannot be used in any food for human consumption (except spices, e.g., chili), but it can pass from feed to farmed fish, poultry, and eggs, so human beings can be exposed to this antioxidant. The manufacturer Monsanto Company (USA) performed a series of tests on ethoxyquin which showed its safety. Nevertheless, some harmful effects in animals and people occupationally exposed to it were observed in 1980's which resulted in the new studies undertaken to reevaluate its toxicity. Here, we present the characteristics of the compound and results of the research, concerning, for example, products of its metabolism and oxidation or searching for new antioxidants on the EQ backbone.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Ethoxyquin: An Antioxidant Used in Animal Feed

Błaszczyk

Augustyniak

Skolimowski

2013

International Journal of Food Science

101

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“…Ethoxyquin has been described as causing allergic contact dermatitis in apple packers (3), as well as in processors and handlers of pig, cattle and poultry feed (4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Additives in animal fodder have caused ethoxyquin allergy previously (4,(9)(10), as in our patient, the sources being vitamin A and vitamin D preparations, and an airborne pattern of dermatitis being shown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Occupational ‘multivitamin allergy’caused by the antioxidant ethoxyquin

et al. 1998

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“…Antimicrobial agents, including antibiotics, are used in the feed not only for the treatment of disease but also to promote the growth of animals. Contact dermatitis has been reported from ethoxyquin, cobalt, penicillin, furazolidone, nitrofurazone, azaperone, streptomycin, bacitracin, oxytetracycline, spiramycin and tylosin [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Allergy in Agricultural Workers

Kieć-Swierczyńska¹,

Krêcisz²,

Świerczyńska-Machura³

2003

Exog Dermatol

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Agricultural workers (n = 121) referred to the Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine for suspected occupational disease were subjected to dermatological and allergological examinations. All were patch and prick tested with standard occupational and environmental allergen sets. Contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 60 (49.6%) patients. In the women, the dominant allergy was that to nickel, benzalkonium, palladium, cobalt, thimerosal, fragrances and balsam of Peru, while the men were most frequently sensitive to chromates, cobalt, 4-phenylenediamine, fragrances, captan, formaldehyde, 4-aminoazobenzene, wool alcohols and cinnamic alcohol. Phenylmercuric chloride caused allergic reactions in 6 women and 2 men, while 6 workers were sensitive to neomycin. Allergy to glutaraldehyde was diagnosed in 3 workers, to lysol in 4, to chlorhexidine in 1, to chloramine in 1. Three patients reacted to thiurams, 3 to diphenylguanidine, 3 to mercaptobenzothiazole. Of the 9 workers sensitive to 4-phenylenediamine, only 2 men reacted additionally to N-isopropyl-N-4-phenylenediamine. Ziram (zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate) and copper sulfate caused allergy in 1 agricultural worker each. Immediate allergy was diagnosed in 43 (35.5%) patients. The dominant allergens in that category included straw dust, hay dust, wheat threshing, rye pollen and cow epithelium. The final diagnosis was based on the clinical picture and the results of the patch and prick tests. Allergic contact dermatitis was diagnosed in 27 (22.3%), atopic dermatitis in 27, irritant contact dermatitis in 15 (12.4%) and urticaria in 9 (7.5%) agricultural workers. Other dermal diseases were diagnosed in single patients. The clinical examinations showed no dermal lesions in 31 (25.6%) patients.

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Contact dermatitis due to ethoxyquin

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Ethoxyquin: An Antioxidant Used in Animal Feed

Ethoxyquin: An Antioxidant Used in Animal Feed

Occupational ‘multivitamin allergy’caused by the antioxidant ethoxyquin

Contact Allergy in Agricultural Workers

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