Contaminants and pollutants

Stengel, Dagmar B.; O’Reilly, Sarah; O’Halloran, John

doi:10.1007/1-4020-4504-2_15

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In metropolitan areas, fossil-fuel consumption adds more PAHs, ranging between 600 and 3,000 μg kg −1 (Mielke et al 2001). Vehicle exhaust is a primary source of PAHs in the urban surface, (Martuzevicius et al 2011;Kamal et al 2014a) while indoor dust Ntziachristos et al 2006;Yang et al 2008;Spezzano et al 2009;Pham et al 2012 Petrogenic Petroleum product, crude oil, gasoline, diesel fuel, asphalt, refinery waste Gustafson et al 1997Stengel et al 2006 Petroleum residues, crude oil, used gasoline engine oil, petroleum products, lubricating oils, diesel contamination is accounted for by both outdoor and indoor sources of emission (Lioy et al 2002). Ingestion of house dust and soil contributes around 24 % group B2-PAHs, especially in low-income houses (Chuang et al 1999).…”

Section: Dust As a Carriermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of PAH exposure from the combustion of biomass fuel and their less surveyed effect on the blood parameters

Kamal

Cincinelli

Martellini

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

119

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Many epidemiological studies from all over the world have reported that populations of rural and urban environments differ in their health issues due to the differences in the countrywide pollution pattern. In developing countries, various occupational cohorts and subsections of the population in urban and rural areas are routinely exposed to several environmentally widespread contaminants. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of over hundred different compounds and have ubiquitous presence in rural and urban environments. Smoke from the combustion of biomass fuel contains a high concentration of carcinogenic PAHs, which are related with several human morbidities. The sources and types of biomass fuel are diverse and wide in distribution. Limited numbers of literature reports have focused the significant impact of PAHs on several components of blood, both in human and wildlife. The toxicity of PAHs to rapidly dividing cells (e.g., bone marrow cells) and other tissues is largely attributed to their reactive oxygenated metabolites, potential of causing oxidative stress, and the adducts of their metabolites with DNA. This review aims to encompass the blood-related effects of PAHs and associated human health risks-an aspect that needs further research-on the population of developing countries of the world in particular.

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Section: Dust As a Carriermentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of PAH exposure from the combustion of biomass fuel and their less surveyed effect on the blood parameters

Kamal

Cincinelli

Martellini

et al. 2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

119

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“…There are a range of harmful direct and indirect effects associated with chemical and physical pollutants in the marine environment. Potential effects depend on factors like concentration, prolonged exposure, degradation and interaction with other pollutants, and long-term effects are often highly uncertain [140][141][142]. This review focuses on threats from contaminants and pollution sources known to harm marine life, including persistent organic pollutants (POPs), metals, oil and plastic debris.…”

Section: Pollution and Chemical Contaminantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating the unknown: assessing anthropogenic threats to beaked whales, family Ziphiidae

Feyrer,

Stanistreet,

Moors-Murphy

2024

R. Soc. Open Sci.

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This review comprehensively evaluates the impacts of anthropogenic threats on beaked whales (Ziphiidae)—a taxonomic group characterized by cryptic biology, deep dives and remote offshore habitat, which have challenged direct scientific observation. By synthesizing information published in peer-reviewed studies and grey literature, we identified available evidence of impacts across 14 threats for each Ziphiidae species. Threats were assessed based on their pathways of effects on individuals, revealing many gaps in scientific understanding of the risks faced by beaked whales. By applying a comprehensive taxon-level analysis, we found evidence that all beaked whale species are affected by multiple stressors, with climate change, entanglement and plastic pollution being the most common threats documented across beaked whale species. Threats assessed as having a serious impact on individuals included whaling, military sonar, entanglement, depredation, vessel strikes, plastics and oil spills. This review emphasizes the urgent need for targeted research to address a range of uncertainties, including cumulative and population-level impacts. Understanding the evidence and pathways of the effects of stressors on individuals can support future assessments, guide practical mitigation strategies and advance current understanding of anthropogenic impacts on rare and elusive marine species.

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“…Contaminants are defined as inputs of foreign and potentially toxic compounds into the environment where not all contaminants cause pollution as they may exist in trace amounts. Whereas, pollutants such as heavy metals are described as substances that pose harmful effects which resulted from anthropic activities 1 . Heavy metals are found naturally but their concentrations in the environment keeps increasing due to human activities 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Distributions of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu at Tropical Coastal Sediments: In Case of West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

2022

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The level and pollution status of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu in sediment cores of Bagan Pasir estuary, Sungai Buloh estuary, and the coastline of Port Dickson was assessed. Based on the vertical profiles of metals concentrations, the order of metals’ concentration in decreasing manner was Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd at Bagan Pasir and Sungai Buloh stations, while Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd at Port Dickson station. Most of the analyzed metals were below the Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines and the effect range-low (ERL) at all sampling stations. The results of geo-accumulation index, contamination factor and pollution load index classified the sediments quality as unpolluted with studied metals with the exception of the element Pb at certain depths of the sediment cores as well as historical pollution at bottom sediment at Sungai Buloh station. Therefore, metal concentrations in the sediments of these stations were not at an alarming stage, however, requires regular monitoring from the authorities to maintain sustainable management of these areas especially at Sungai Buloh due to anthropogenic activities.

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Contaminants and pollutants

Cited by 9 publications

References 58 publications

A review of PAH exposure from the combustion of biomass fuel and their less surveyed effect on the blood parameters

A review of PAH exposure from the combustion of biomass fuel and their less surveyed effect on the blood parameters

Navigating the unknown: assessing anthropogenic threats to beaked whales, family Ziphiidae

Vertical Distributions of Zn, Cd, Pb and Cu at Tropical Coastal Sediments: In Case of West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

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