Contamination by heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, and Hg) of eight fish species in the Gironde estuary (France)

Durrieu, Gilles; Maury-Brachet, Régine; Girardin, Michel; Rochard, Éric; Boudou, A.

doi:10.1007/bf02696069

Cited by 89 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These results are in agreement with previous data in other estuarine and coastal areas (Henry et al, 2004;Durrieu et al, 2005) and can be attributed to both physiological and ecological factors (e.g. variations in metabolism and physiological regulation of metal uptake, differences in habitat use, foraging habitat and diet).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Moreover, juveniles of marine species that use estuaries as nursery grounds have lower contamination levels than resident or long-term inhabitants (e.g. Pomatoschistus minutus, Liza ramada, Anguilla anguilla), emphasising the combined role of residence time and diet in individual contamination (Usero et al, 2003;Durrieu et al, 2005;França et al, 2005). Despite variation in sediment contamination at the analysed sites, metal contamination in juveniles did not differ amongst estuaries, with the exception of D. vulgaris.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Trace metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in juvenile fish from estuarine nurseries along the Portuguese coast

Vasconcelos¹,

Patrick²,

Maia³

et al. 2011

Sci. Mar.

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SUMMARY: Organic and inorganic pollution can impact organisms directly and affect condition, growth and survival of juvenile fish which use estuaries as nurseries, and thereby affect marine adult populations quantitatively and qualitatively. Trace element contamination (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in juveniles of commercial fish Solea solea, Solea senegalensis, Platichthys flesus, Diplodus vulgaris and Dicentrarchus labrax collected in putative nurseries of the main Portuguese estuaries (with diverse intensities and sources of anthropogenic pressures) was determined via atomic absorption spectrometry. Contamination was significantly different among species. Similar levels of contamination were found among estuaries, except for D. vulgaris. Cu and Zn concentrations ranged from 1.0 to 2.1 and 14 to 59 µg g -1 muscle dry weight respectively; while Cd and Pb concentrations were very low. The results indicate that juvenile migration to off-shore habitats is associated with low export of contamination, and no particular estuary increases the potential contamination of adult stocks. This knowledge is of the utmost importance in view of the ecological and economical value of these species and their use of estuarine areas as nurseries.Keywords: juveniles, nursery grounds, populations, anthropogenic effects, heavy metals. RESUMEN: Metales traza (Cu, Zn, Cd y Pb) en peces juveniles de las guarderías estuáricas a lo largo de la costa portuguesa. -La contaminación orgánica e inorgánica puede afectar a los organismos, a saber al estado fisiológico, crecimiento y supervivencia de los peces juveniles los cuales utilizan los estuarios como guarderías; afectando de forma cuantitativa y cualitativa a la poblaciones marinas adultas. La contaminación de elementos traza (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) en las formas juveniles de los peces comerciales Solea solea, Solea senegalensis, Platichthys flesus, Diplodus vulgaris y Dicentrarchus labrax recolectados en guarderías putativas de los principales estuarios portugueses (con diversos tipos e intensidades de presiones antropogénicas) fueron determinados por espectrometría de absorción atómica. La contaminación era significativamente diferente entre especies. Sobre todo se encontraron niveles similares de contaminación entre estuarios, excepto para D. vulgaris. Las concentraciones de Cu y Zn oscilaban desde 1.0 a 2.1 y desde 14 a 59 µg g -1 peso seco muscular, respectivamente, mientras que las concentraciones de Cd y Pb eran muy bajas. Los resultados indican que la migración de los juveniles a mar abierto está asociada a la baja exportación de la contaminación y que los estuarios no amplifican particularmente el potencial de contaminación de los adultos. En vista del valor ecológico y económico de estas especies y del uso de las zonas estuáricas como guarderías, este conocimiento es de vital importancia.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Trace metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in juvenile fish from estuarine nurseries along the Portuguese coast

Vasconcelos¹,

Patrick²,

Maia³

et al. 2011

Sci. Mar.

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“…In this study, the cytotoxic effect of the Biofield Energy Treated formulation was screened by assessing the metabolic activity of immune cells through MTT assay. MTT assay was previously proven to show the similar result in cell proliferation as the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay, because its accurate correlation between the metabolic activity and cell growth was proven [53]. The antiinflammatory effects of both the Biofield Energy Treated and untreated test samples were evaluated here in two different immune cells from the mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Biofield Energy Healing Treatment (The Trivedi Effect<sup>®</sup>) Based Herbomineral Formulation on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Murine Dendritic and Splenocyte Cells

Trivedi¹

2016

AJHR

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Abstract:The utilization and demand of self-medication with herbomineral-based formulations have increased day-by-day across the globe over the last decade. A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was prepared with the mixture of minerals (zinc, magnesium, and selenium) and the herbal root extract of ashwagandha. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect ® ) on the test herbomineral formulation using murine dendritic cells (DCs) and splenocytes in vitro. The formulation was divided into two parts, one part was control without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated sample, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely from eighteen renowned Biofield Energy Healers. The effect of the Biofield Energy Treated formulation in murine cells was monitored with an estimation of pro-inflammatory cytokines levels such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) and interleukin (IL-1β) in cell culture supernatants along with estimations of non-cytotoxic concentrations of the test formulation by MTT assay. The Biofield Treated formulation showed 114.2%, 122.6%, 141.2%, 127.8%, and 114.1% cell viability at concentrations 1.05, 5.2, 10.5, 25.6, and 51.2 µg/mL, respectively in DCs. Similarly, the Biofield Energy Treated and untreated formulations showed more than 100% cell viability in mice splenocytes at 5 µg/mL. The level of TNF-α in DCs was significantly (p≤0.05) inhibited by 19.21% in the Biofield Treated formulation at concentration 5.2 µg/mL as compared to the untreated test formulation. The level of MIP-1α in LPS induced mice splenocyte cells was reduced by 15.35% in the Biofield Energy Treated formulation at 0.0105 µg/mL as compared to the untreated formulation. Similarly, the level of IL-1β in LPS induced mice splenocyte cells was significantly (p≤0.05) reduced by 31.59% in the Biofield Treated formulation at 1.05 µg/mL as compared to the untreated formulation. Altogether, the results suggest that The Trivedi Effect ® (Biofield Energy Healing Treatment) showed significant down-regulation of the tested proinflammatory cytokines expression and potentiated the immunosuppressive effect of the treated formulation to modulate the immune system. These data also suggest that the Biofield Treated test formulation can be used for autoimmune and

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“…MTT assay is more rapid, less costly, less time-consuming, nonradioactive and is proven to be accurate in determining the relation between the metabolic activity and cell growth [58]. This test is widely used in the in vitro evaluation of the toxicity of any test item [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Mouse Splenocyte Cells After Incubation with the Biofield Energy Healing Based Herbomineral Formulation: Influence of the Trivedi Effect<sup>®<sup>

Trivedi¹,

Branton²,

Trivedi³

et al. 2016

BIO

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Abstract:The use of herbomineral formulations in the healthcare sector has increased due to their high safety and better therapeutic action. A new proprietary herbomineral formulation was formulated with a combination of the herbal root extract ashwagandha and minerals viz. zinc, magnesium, and selenium. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of Biofield Energy Healing (The Trivedi Effect ® ) on the test formulation in splenocytes. The test formulation was divided into two parts; one was the control without the Biofield Energy Treatment, while the other part was defined as the Biofield Energy Treated sample, which received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment remotely by seven renowned Biofield Energy Healers. The MTT assay showed that the test formulation exhibited safe concentrations up to 1.053 µg/mL with cell viability ranging from 88.19% to 110.30% in the Biofield Energy Treated sample. The Biofield Energy Healing significantly enhanced the cell viability as compared with the untreated test formulation. The expression of TNF-α was significantly inhibited by 7.23% at 1.053 µg/mL in the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation compared with the vehicle control. The level of TNF-α was significantly decreased by 3.90%, 11.74%, 3.12%, and 9.17% at 0.001053, 0.01053, 0.1053 and 1.053 µg/mL, respectively in the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation compared with the untreated test formulation. Additionally, the expression of IL-1β was significantly reduced by 28.98%, 51.23%, 53.06%, 48.98%, 55.71%, and 59.10% at 0.00001053, 0.0001053, 0.001053, 0.01053, 0.1053, and 1.053 µg/mL, respectively in the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation compared with the vehicle control. Further, the Biofield Treated test formulation showed significant reduction of IL-1β by 35.07% (p≤0.05), 47.46% (p≤0.05), and 57.51% (p≤0.01) at 0.001053, 0.1053, and 1.053 µg/mL, respectively compared with the untreated test formulation. Similarly, the MIP-1α expression was inhibited by the Biofield Energy Treated formulation and showed immunosuppressive activity at 0.00001053, 0.0001053, 0.001053, and 0.01053 µg/mL by 19.38%, 24.97%, 31.23%, and 25.41%, respectively compared with the vehicle control group. The Biofield Treated test formulation significantly (p<0.001) reduced the MIP-1α expression by 19.33%, 22.57%, and 30.50% at 0.0001053, 0.001053, and 0.01053 µg/mL, respectively compared with the untreated test formulation. Overall, The Trivedi Effect ® -Biofield Energy Healing (TEBEH) significantly down-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines and potentiated the immunosuppressive effect of the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation, which can be better utilized for organ transplants, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, anti-aging, stress management, overall health and quality of life, etc.

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Contamination by heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, and Hg) of eight fish species in the Gironde estuary (France)

Cited by 89 publications

References 20 publications

Trace metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in juvenile fish from estuarine nurseries along the Portuguese coast

Trace metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in juvenile fish from estuarine nurseries along the Portuguese coast

Effect of Biofield Energy Healing Treatment (The Trivedi Effect<sup>®</sup>) Based Herbomineral Formulation on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Murine Dendritic and Splenocyte Cells

Evaluation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Mouse Splenocyte Cells After Incubation with the Biofield Energy Healing Based Herbomineral Formulation: Influence of the Trivedi Effect<sup>®<sup>

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Contamination by heavy metals (Cd, Zn, Cu, and Hg) of eight fish species in the Gironde estuary (France)

Cited by 89 publications

References 20 publications

Trace metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in juvenile fish from estuarine nurseries along the Portuguese coast

Trace metals (Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in juvenile fish from estuarine nurseries along the Portuguese coast

Effect of Biofield Energy Healing Treatment (The Trivedi Effect&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt;) Based Herbomineral Formulation on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Murine Dendritic and Splenocyte Cells

Evaluation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Mouse Splenocyte Cells After Incubation with the Biofield Energy Healing Based Herbomineral Formulation: Influence of the Trivedi Effect&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;sup&gt;

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Effect of Biofield Energy Healing Treatment (The Trivedi Effect<sup>®</sup>) Based Herbomineral Formulation on Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Murine Dendritic and Splenocyte Cells

Evaluation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Expression in Mouse Splenocyte Cells After Incubation with the Biofield Energy Healing Based Herbomineral Formulation: Influence of the Trivedi Effect<sup>®<sup>