Contamination status of major mycotoxins in agricultural product and food stuff in Europe

Luo, Shujuan; Du, Haolan; Kebede, Haftom; Liu, Yang; Xing, Fuguo

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108120

Cited by 123 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…The incidence of DON in oats marketed in Spain in the period 2015-2019 was 34%, which is a bit lower than the incidence found in maize in this country during the same period (40%) [31]. DON has been reported to occur in oats in many European countries like Ireland, Croatia, Hungary, Finland, Sweden, UK, Poland, Slovakia or Spain [13,23,33,40,41] but also in other countries around the world [39,41]. In the UK, DON was an occasional contaminant of oats and the maximum level was 1866 ng/g [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…ZEA was not detected in oats surveyed in The Netherlands, but the number of samples in these countries was low [35]. In Swiss and Croatian oats, ZEA contamination was generally low [13,23]. In India, 32.5% of surveyed oats contained ZEA [34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…However, in Norway and Finland, ZEA has been found in oats reaching high maximum levels [9,23,35]. In Sweden, the incidence was variable from undetectable to high levels depending on the year and the region [10,23,35]. ZEA was not detected in oats surveyed in The Netherlands, but the number of samples in these countries was low [35].…”

Section: Co-occurrence Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…ZEA levels detected in oats harvested in Ireland and UK were very low and the number of affected oats samples was scarce [13,38]. However, in Norway and Finland, ZEA has been found in oats reaching high maximum levels [9,23,35]. In Sweden, the incidence was variable from undetectable to high levels depending on the year and the region [10,23,35].…”

Section: Co-occurrence Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the United States, contamination with OTA of oat-based food, even food for infants is a concerning issue while the degree of contamination in Europa is lower [22]. A review on mycotoxin occurrence in agricultural products and foodstuffs in Europe can be found in Luo et al [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Health Risk Associated with Mycotoxins in Oat Grains Consumed in Spain

Tarazona

Gómez

Mateo

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Spain is a relevant producer of oats (Avena sativa), but to date there has been no study on the occurrence/co-occurrence of mycotoxins in oats marketed in Spain. The present study is addressed to overcome this lack of knowledge. One hundred oat kernel samples were acquired across different Spanish geographic regions during the years 2015–2019 and analyzed for mycotoxin content using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–ESI–MS/MS) method and matrix-matched calibration. The focus was on the regulated mycotoxins although other relevant mycotoxins were considered. The percentage of incidence (levels ≥ limit of detection), mean and range (ng/g) of mycotoxins were as follows: zearalenone (66%, mean 39.1, range 28.1–153), HT-2 toxin (47%, mean 37.1, range 4.98–439), deoxynivalenol, (34%, mean 81.4, range 19.1–736), fumonisin B1 (29%, mean 157.5, range 63.2–217.4), and T-2 toxin, (24%, mean 49.9, range 12.3–321). Fumonisin B2, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, aflatoxins B1, B2, and G2, and ochratoxin A were also detected at low levels, but aflatoxin G1 was not. The maximum limits established by the European Commission for unprocessed oats were not exceeded, except for zearalenone (in one sample), and the sum of aflatoxins (in two samples). Mycotoxin co-occurrence at quantifiable levels in the same sample (two to five combinations) was found in 31% of samples. The most common mixtures were those of HT-2 + T-2 toxins alone or together with deoxynivalenol and/or zearalenone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Co-occurrence Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Co-occurrence Of Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Potential Health Risk Associated with Mycotoxins in Oat Grains Consumed in Spain

Tarazona

Gómez

Mateo

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Advancing Mycotoxin Detection in Food and Feed: Novel Insights from Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)

Logan,

Cao,

Freitag

et al. 2024

Advanced Materials

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The implementation of low‐cost and rapid technologies for the on‐site detection of mycotoxin‐contaminated crops is a promising solution to address the growing concerns of the agri‐food industry. Recently, there have been significant developments in Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the direct detection of mycotoxins in food and feed. This review provides an overview of the most recent advancements in the utilization of SERS through the successful fabrication of novel nanostructured materials. Various bottom‐up and top‐down approaches have demonstrated their potential in improving sensitivity, while many applications exploit the immobilization of recognition elements and molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) to enhance specificity and reproducibility in complex matrices. Therefore, the design and fabrication of nanomaterials is of utmost importance and are presented herein. We uncover that limited studies establish limits of detection (LODs) or conduct validation using naturally contaminated samples. One decade on, SERS is still lacking significant progress and there is a disconnect between the technology, the European regulatory limits, and the intended end‐user. Ongoing challenges and potential solutions are discussed including nanofabrication, molecular binders, and data analytics. Recommendations to assay design, portability, and substrate stability are made to help improve the potential and feasibility of SERS for future on‐site agri‐food applications.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Rational Integration of Nanozyme Probe and Smartphone Device for On‐Site Analysis

Wu,

Zhou,

Chen

et al. 2024

Analysis & Sensing

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On‐site detection featuring miniaturized, integrated analytical device and rapid data feedback has encouraged a great deal of attention, especially in the current context of pandemic diseases occurring with high frequency worldwide. This convenient detection device constitutes a stable recognition element and a portable signal treatment and readout module. In this regard, the enzyme‐mimic nanomaterials (nanozymes) with the merits of structural stability, cost efficiency, scale‐up synthesis and high recyclability well meet the requirements for recognition unit set‐up. While the all‐pervading smartphone, which enables the data collection through photography or wireless transmission, holds numerous opportunities in the design of hand‐held analytical device. In this review, we summarize the advances of nanozyme‐smartphone integrated platforms, with special emphasis of the signal transduction principles involving colorimetric, chemiluminescence, and electrochemical signals. The diversified on‐site applications in terms of biological, environment and food analysis are showcased. Finally, the current challenges as well as thefuture perspectives on nanozyme design, sensing diversity and smartphone analysis are discussed.

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Contamination status of major mycotoxins in agricultural product and food stuff in Europe

Cited by 123 publications

References 106 publications

Potential Health Risk Associated with Mycotoxins in Oat Grains Consumed in Spain

Potential Health Risk Associated with Mycotoxins in Oat Grains Consumed in Spain

Advancing Mycotoxin Detection in Food and Feed: Novel Insights from Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)

Rational Integration of Nanozyme Probe and Smartphone Device for On‐Site Analysis

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