Content and bioavailability of trace elements and nutrients in grape pomace

Abstract

BACKGROUND The possible agricultural use of grape pomace could be limited by the content and mobility of metals. This is influenced by many factors. In this study, the abundance and availability of heavy metals and essential nutrients were evaluated comprehensively in different grape pomace residues from winemaking of five white and red grape varieties, before and after the distillation process. RESULTS The total metal content found in grape pomace skins and seeds confirmed that there was greater metal accumulation in skins than in the corresponding seeds, with the exception of Ca and Mg. The enrichment of all metals (except K) during the distillation stage was confirmed by means of a significant correlation (R = 0.996, P < 0.001) between the metal content obtained in distilled and undistilled samples. Regarding availability, multivariate statistical analysis showed different behavior among elements, but a great similarity for metal mobility in both distilled and undistilled grape pomace samples and in both skins and seeds, except for Mn, Zn and Mg. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study suggest the potential application of these grape residues as organic fertilizers for agricultural soils, without limitations resulting from heavy metal contamination. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Strategies for Reuse of Skins Separated From Grape Pomace as Ingredient of Functional Beverages

“…The metal content of GP skins is reported in Table 3 and shows that K is the most abundant metal in all varieties analyzed; similar findings have been reported by Pérez Cid et al ( 2019 ) for grape skins isolated from the pomace of five Galician grape varieties.…”

Preparation of grape pomace powders and analysis of their nutritive compositions

“…Additionally, the amounts of Se, Mn, and Zn in GS powder reached 2, 2, and 1 mg/kg, respectively. These results are quite different from the Se content of grapes reported in the literature [27][28][29], which may be related to the grape species studied and their different origins. Depending on the contents of minerals and trace elements in GSKs and GSs, different processing methods can be considered.…”

Grape By-Products as Feedstuff for Pig and Poultry Production

“…Few studies reported the presence of heavy metals in the whole grape pomace [ 27 , 28 ], with values (mg/kg DM) averaging 111 for Al [ 28 ], 16.3 for Pb, 3.5 for Ni, and 1.1 for Cd [ 27 ]. Indeed, most reports analyzed the accumulation of trace elements in grape stem [ 27 , 29 ], skin [ 30 , 31 , 32 ], or seed [ 26 , 32 ]. There is a great variability in heavy metal contents in grape by-products, since they depend on soil composition and contamination and on the grape genetic variety.…”

“…There is a great variability in heavy metal contents in grape by-products, since they depend on soil composition and contamination and on the grape genetic variety. For instance, 8.1 mg/kg DM of Al and 0.002 mg/kg DM of Pb was found in grape skin in the study from De Nisco et al [ 30 ], but other grape varieties could accumulate 158–575 mg/kg DM of Pb in their skins [ 32 ]. However, in grape stem and seed, the predominant trace element was Al (average of 201 and 0.78 mg/kg DM, respectively) ( Table 2 ).…”

“… ADF, acid detergent fiber; TDF, total dietary fiber; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; SDF, soluble dietary fibe; ADL, acid detergent lignin; ND, not detected. Supporting literature: 1 Alameldin [ 55 ]; Atalay [ 56 ]; Beres et al [ 57 ]; Chikwanha et al [ 28 ]; Ebrahimzadeh et al [ 58 ]; Ebrahimzadeh et al [ 59 ]; Erinle et al [ 45 ]; Goñi et al [ 18 ]; Gülcü et al [ 60 ]; Gungor et al [ 44 ]; Hosseini-Vashan et al [ 61 ]; Jonathan and Mnisi [ 62 ]; Leal et al [ 29 ]; Llobera and Cañellas [ 63 ]; Mirzaei-Aghsaghali et al [ 64 ]; Pérez Cid et al [ 32 ]; Valiente et al [ 65 ]; Vlaicu et al [ 66 ]; Winkler et al [ 67 ]; Yi et al [ 68 ]. 2 García-Rodríguez et al [ 69 ]; Goñ et al [ 70 ]; Karaman et al [ 71 ]; Milićević et al [ 26 ]; Pérez Cid et al [ 32 ]; Spanghero et al [ 72 ]; Tangolar et al [ 73 ]; Tangolar et al [ 74 ]; Yokotsuka and Singleton [ 75 ].…”