Content changes of adsorbable organically bound halogens during sludge centrifugation and drying

Abstract

A wastewater treatment plant in Brno may be one of the wastewater treatment plants in the Czech Republic using a dryer for dewatering the sludge. The results of an adsorbable organically bound halogens balance analysis measured on the sludge dryer at the waste water treatment plant in Brno are demonstrated in this work. The aim of this work was to calculate the material balance in the treatment process (centrifugation and drying). Control places were chosen and then samples of water and sludge (at the inlet and outlet of the system) were collected. The adsorbable organically bound halogens concentration was detected in these samples by the coulometric method.

A Review on Adsorbable Organic Halogens Treatment Technologies: Approaches and Application

“…Among other alternative methods of AOX determination, spectroscopy with plasma emission detector (PED) [96], gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) [97], ion chromatography (IC) [98], combustion ion chromatography (C/IC) [99], combustion-microcoulometry, combustion ion chromatography titration [100], ultrasonic extraction-high temperature combustion absorption-ion chromatography [101], neutron activation analysis (NAA) [102,103], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) [104], inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES) [105], liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) [106], precursor ion scan of triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (PIS of QqQ MS) [79] and flow injection analysis (FIA) [107,108] have been utilized. The wide application of NAA, GC/MS, LC/MS, ICP/MS and ICP/AES is not regulated by legislation because of the high cost and skill level required.…”

“…For example, centrifugation and drying are used in the analysis of sludge as treatment procedures. In [97], the authors demonstrated that these procedures have a significant influence on the elimination of AOX because near 50-80% of them remain in the sludge, which means that 20-50% are extracted from the sample.…”

“…UV/TiO 2 oxidation Dye wastewaters, pulp and paper mill wastes [6,160] UV/ozone oxidation process Wastewaters [161] Adsorption on activated carbon 4-chlorophenol, 4-bromophenol, 4-iodophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, landfill leachates [162][163][164] Biochar remediation Degradation of halogenated organics [165] Al(III) coagulation/carbon adsorption process Dye wastewaters [166] H 2 O 2 /UV oxidation Pharmaceutical wastes [65,76,167] Mechanochemistry Wastes [168,169] Thermally activated persulfate by microwave heating (S 2 O 8 2-/MW) Secondary waste sludge [170] Anionic exchanger DEAE-cellulose Drinking water [171] Supercritical water oxidation (SUWOX) Industrial wastes [172] Magnetically re-extractable nanoscale Pd-on-magnetite catalyst (Pd/Fe 3 O 4 ) Wastewaters [173] Multi-barrier treatment Municipal wastewaters [174] Photo-Fenton process UV/H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ Pulp mill effluents [40] UV/persulfate oxidation process Saline wastewater [175] UV/TiO 2 /Ru x Se y oxidation system Paper industry wastes [123] Pd/AC catalyst Kraft pulp bleaching wastes [176] UV/TiO 2 /granular activated carbon 4-halogenophenols [177] UV/H 2 O 2 /TiO 2 system Pulp and paper wastes [178] UV/sodium hypochlorite Phenol's degradation [179] Physical Hot water extraction of hemicellulose Paper and pulp industry wastewaters [58,180] Distillation and membrane processes Pharmaceutical wastes [34] Distillation Chemical wastes [181] Centrifugation and drying Sludge [97] Nanofiltration Paper and pulp industry wastes [182] Biochemical Xylanase and laccase enzymes (obtained from Bacillus pumilus and Ganoderma sp., respectively)…”