Continuous on-sun solar thermochemical hydrogen production via an isothermal redox cycle

Hoskins, Amanda L.; Millican, Samantha L.; Czernik, Caitlin E.; Al‐Shankiti, Ibraheam; Netter, Judy; Wendelin, Tim; Musgrave, Charles B.; Weimer, Alan W.

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.04.169

Cited by 58 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…This concept is at the basis of the mixed sodium manganese ferrite cycle, first proposed by Tamaura and co-workers [94] and extensively studied by Varsano and co-workers [95][96][97]. Analyses of water splitting cycles based on gas composition pressure swings have been presented in [98][99][100], and thorough discussions of such cycles isothermally were reported in [101,102]. -The first hybrid Westinghouse cycle to have been proposed was the sulfur cycle, in which sulfurous acid and water react electrolytically, producing hydrogen and sulfuric acid.…”

Section: Reactor/receivers For Water-splitting Redox Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies for the Design of Solar Receiver/Reactors for Thermochemical Hydrogen Production

Murmura

Annesini

2020

Processes

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Thermochemical hydrogen production is of great interest due to the potential for significantly reducing the dependence on fossil fuels as energy carriers. In a solar plant, the solar receiver is the unit in which solar energy is absorbed by a fluid and/or solid particles and converted into thermal energy. When the solar energy is used to drive a reaction, the receiver is also a reactor. The wide variety of thermochemical processes, and therefore of operating conditions, along with the technical requirements of coupling the receiver with the concentrating system have led to the development of numerous reactor configurations. The scope of this work is to identify general guidelines for the design of solar reactors/receivers. To do so, an overview is initially presented of solar receiver/reactor designs proposed in the literature for different applications. The main challenges of modeling these systems are then outlined. Finally, selected examples are discussed in greater detail to highlight the methodology through which the design of solar reactors can be optimized. It is found that the parameters most commonly employed to describe the performance of such a reactor are (i) energy conversion efficiency, (ii) energy losses associated with process irreversibilities, and (iii) thermo-mechanical stresses. The general choice of reactor design depends mainly on the type of reaction. The optimization procedure can then be carried out by acting on (i) the receiver shape and dimensions, (ii) the mode of reactant feed, and (iii) the particle morphology, in the case of solid reactants.

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Section: Reactor/receivers For Water-splitting Redox Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies for the Design of Solar Receiver/Reactors for Thermochemical Hydrogen Production

Murmura

Annesini

2020

Processes

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“…A yearly averaged global efficiency of about 30% was estimated for an optimized configuration. Hoskins et al (2019) demonstrated on-sun production of H 2 using hercynite (FeAl 2 O 4 ) as reactive material. Experiments were performed using two FBs, indirectly heated, located within a single cavity receiver and heated by a 10 kW solar furnace.…”

Section: Solar-driven Production Of Fuels H 2 O/co 2 Splittingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

et al. 2021

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Thermal and thermochemical processes can be efficiently developed and carried out in fluidized beds, due to the unique properties of fluidized suspensions of solid particles and to the inherent flexibility of fluidized bed design and operation. Coupling fluidization with concentrated solar power is a stimulating cross-disciplinary field of investigation, with the related issues and opportunities to explore. In this review article the current and perspective applications of fluidized beds to collection, storage and exploitation of solar radiation are surveyed. Novel and “creative” designs of fluidized bed solar receivers/reactors are reported and critically discussed. The vast field of applications of solar-driven fluidized bed processes, from energy conversion with thermal energy storage, to solids looping for thermochemical energy storage, production of fuels, chemicals and materials, is explored with an eye at past and current developments and an outlook of future perspectives.

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“…In this case both redox steps are conducted at the same temperature by performing a pressure swing. Studies have focused on the energy efficiency (Ermanoski et al, 2014) and experimental demonstrations of the process (Muhich et al, 2013;Hathaway et al, 2016;Hoskins et al, 2019). The conversion extent in the demonstrations are typically not reported, but at the operating conditions considered it is known to be thermodynamically limited to low values on the order of X ≈ 0.01 (Ermanoski et al, 2014;Bulfin et al, 2016).…”

Section: Examples Of the Performance Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance Indicators for Benchmarking Solar Thermochemical Fuel Processes and Reactors

2021

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Concentrated solar energy offers a source for renewable high-temperature process heat that can be used to efficiently drive endothermic chemical processes, converting the entire spectrum of solar radiation into chemical energy. In particular, solar-driven thermochemical processes for the production of fuels include reforming of methane and other hydrocarbons, gasification of biomass, coal, and other carbonaceous feedstock, and metal oxide redox cycles for splitting H2O and CO2. A notable issue in the development of these processes and their associated solar reactors is the lack of consistent reporting methods for experimental demonstrations and modelling studies, which complicates the benchmarking of the corresponding technologies. In this work we formulate dimensionless performance indicators based on mass and energy balances of such reacting systems, namely: energy efficiency, conversion extent, selectivity, and yield. Examples are outlined for the generic processes mention above. We then provide guidelines for reporting on such processes and reactors and suggest performance benchmarking on four key criteria: energy efficiency, conversion extent, product selectivity, and performance stability.

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Continuous on-sun solar thermochemical hydrogen production via an isothermal redox cycle

Cited by 58 publications

References 43 publications

Methodologies for the Design of Solar Receiver/Reactors for Thermochemical Hydrogen Production

Methodologies for the Design of Solar Receiver/Reactors for Thermochemical Hydrogen Production

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

Performance Indicators for Benchmarking Solar Thermochemical Fuel Processes and Reactors

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