Scope of the ChapterThe main aim of this chapter is to give an account of the recent achievements in the development of semiconductor quantum dot saturable absorber mirrors (QD-SAMs) for picosecond and subpicosecond pulse generation in bulk solid-state lasers. This work benefited immensely from previous development of methods for self-assembled growth of uniform, controlled-size, and high-density InAs QD layers on GaAs substrates and the technologies, primarily destined for diode lasers [1].This work also leans heavily on the knowledge developed in the area of passively mode-locked solid-state lasers employing quantum-well saturable absorbers (QWSAMs). Indeed, the dynamics in a mode-locked bulk solid-state laser is similar for quantum well (QW) and QD-SAMs and therefore most of the design guidelines devised for QW structures apply for QD-SAMs as well. Nevertheless, QD-SAMs offer certain unique physical properties such as low saturation fluence, temperature stability, relatively large inhomogeneous broadening, and transition energy scaling due to quantum size effect, all of which can be exploited to advantage in mode-locked solid-state lasers.Realizing that we are approaching the 50-year anniversary from the first demonstration of mode-locked laser operation, we felt it appropriate to give a brief overview of the development of passively mode-locked lasers and try to give a brief account of how the semiconductor saturable absorber technology emerged and was developed to become dominant as it is today. Owing to limitations on the length of this text, this overview is necessarily very cursory where we only mark certain milestones of this exciting journey. A large and growing number of review articles have appeared along the way, and the interested reader is well advised to turn to those in order to delve deeper into the different aspects of the subject. Following the brief overview, we focus in more detail on specific requirements and properties of QD-SAMs. After that we give an account of the experimental realization of mode-locked bulk solid-state lasers in different spectral ranges: Yb:KYW operating around 1.04 μm, Cr:forsterite -around 1.26 μm, and Er:Yb:glass laser -around 1.53 μm, all usingThe Physics and Engineering of Compact Quantum Dot-based Lasers for Biophotonics, First Edition. Edited by Edik U. Rafailov.