Continuous wave laser operation of Tm and Ho co-doped CaYAlO4 and CaGdAlO4 crystals

Crystal growth, first-principles calculations, and enhanced 1.5–1.7 μm fluorescence emission from the Er, Ce: CaGdAlO4 laser crystal

“…19,20 Its multiple structural disorders and excellent optical and thermal properties make the CGA crystal stand out among the many crystals with disordered structures. Currently, Tm: CGA, 21,22 Nd: CGA, 23 and Er: CGA 24,25 crystals have been shown to be potential laser crystals at relevant wavelengths. Yb: CGA, 26 Nd: CGA, 27 and Tm: CGA 28 crystals have achieved laser outputs at 1048 nm, 1079 nm, and 1938 nm, respectively.…”

Growth and spectroscopic properties of the 2.9μm Tm,Ho:LuYAG laser crystals

“…However, the Ho 3+ singly doped crystals exhibit low absorption and pumping efficiencies when they are pumped by commercially laser diode (LD) or flash lamp. To solve this problem, Tm 3+ or Yb 3+ ions could be selected as the sensitizer for the Ho 3+ ions to improve the absorption and pumping efficiencies [12][13][14][15].…”