Continuous-wave operation of vertically emitting ring interband cascade lasers at room temperature

Abstract

High power edge-cum-surface emitting terahertz laser arrays phased locked by vacuum guided plasmon waves

The Interband Cascade Laser

“…In 2006, NRL demonstrated an optically-pumped type-II "W" photonic crystal distributed feedback laser that emitted from the top surface at λ = 3.7 µm [148], with cw operation at 81 K and pulsed operation above 200 K. More recently, TU Wien and U. Würzburg demonstrated ICLs fabricated into rings and patterned with metallized second-order DFB gratings to provide vertical emission via the substrate [149]. The pulsed threshold current density at room temperature was 750 A/cm 2 for a single-mode wavelength of 3.73 µm, although a second mode appeared at temperatures above 20 • C. The latest ring ICLs were mounted epitaxial-side-down and lased in cw mode to 38 • C [150]. A device with 6 stages and ring diameter 800 µm operated at a threshold current density of 600 A/cm 2 at 20 • C, and produced > 6 mW of cw power with WPE ≈ 1%.…”

Study of the spatial characteristics of emission of surface-emitting ring quantum-cascade lasers

“…The group reflection coefficient was estimated, its value was n group ∼ 3.39. It has been previously shown [27] that, when the value of ring cavity strip width is ∼ 4 µm, optical losses for transverse (radial) higherorder modes considerably increase; this causes singlefrequency lasing. In its turn, when width of the ring cavity strip is ∼ 10 µm, the lasing spectrum may contain a second radial mode.…”

Поверхностно-Излучающий Квантово-Каскадный Лазер С Кольцевым Резонатором

“…К настоящему моменту успешно реализованы поверхностно-излучающие ККЛ среднего инфракрасного диапазона [5,6], в том числе, в конструкции с кольцевым резонатором [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Интерес к исследованиям ККЛ с кольцевым резонатором обусловлен в первую очередь возможностью их применения при детектировании и анализе химических газов [14].…”