Contraceptive Use and Method Preferences among HIV Positive Women in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis

Abstract

Background. Preventing unintended pregnancies among HIV positive women has a vital role to prevent mother to child transmission. Besides, increasing access to contraceptives has a number of economical importance and reducing the costs for mitigating the unintended pregnancy consequences. Therefore, this study is aimed at assessing the contraceptive use and method of preference among HIV positive women in Ethiopia. Methods. A systematic review and meta-analysis reporting guideline was applied. Articles searched from the Scopus, Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, AJOL, Hinari, and Google scholar were included in this review. The Stata 11 software was used to compute the analysis. Heterogeneity of the studies was detected using the Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics. Egger’s test was used to check the evidence of publication bias within the studies. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis was computed with the evidence of heterogeneity. Results. Ten thousand one hundred twenty one (10121) women living with HIV/AIDS were recruited in this study. The national estimated prevalence of contraceptive use among HIV positive women in Ethiopia was 57.78% (95% CI: 48.53-67.03). Injectables and male condom were the most preferred contraceptives accounted for 36.00% (95% CI: 6.64-45.35) and 32.74% (95% CI: 21.08-44.40), respectively. Discussion with husband/partner (AOR: 4.70, 95% CI: 2.18-10.12), disclosure of HIV status to spouse/partner (AOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.55-3.06), ever counseled for modern contraceptives (AOR: 2.79, 95% CI: 2.01-3.88), attending secondary and above education (AOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 2.15-4.51), and having more than one live child (AOR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.86-3.66) were increasing the likelihood of contraceptive use whereas not currently married women (AOR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.16-0.34) was decreases the odds of contraceptive use. Conclusion. In Ethiopia, more than half of the women living with HIV/AIDS were using contraceptives. Discussion with husband/partner, disclosure of HIV status to spouse/partner, ever counseled for modern contraceptives, attending secondary and above education, and having more than one live child were increasing the uptake of contraceptives among HIV positive women. Partner discussion, having adequate information towards contraceptive use, and having desired number of child could increase the utilization; as a result, obstetric complication with HIV positive women due to unintended pregnancy is significantly decreasing.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Factors associated with decision-making power on family planning utilization among HIV-positive women attending public health facilities in Eastern Ethiopia

“…Among HIV-positive women, partner preference is a significant barrier to utilising contraception [ 13 ]. In contrast, being able to decide independently/jointly have significance like enhancing other reproductive health decision making [ 14 ], increasing utilization of barrier method (condom) [ 15 ] and other family planning methods [ 16 ]. Besides, the evidence demonstrated that there is a significant association between the contraceptive decision-making process and the integration of services for HIV/AIDS [ 17 ].…”

Assessment of intention to use contraceptive methods with spatial distributions and associated factors among women in Ethiopia: evidence from EDHS 2016

“…Only 43.66% of the women had health facilities visit in the last 12 months, and only 27.68% of the women had formal work. Studies revealed that non-working women do not attend school and had less intention to use contraceptive methods [ 13 , 16 ]. Good socioeconomic status factors were usually associated with health services utilization and birth planning, while the opposite might be true.…”

“…Educating women, improving women’s awareness, involving males in counseling, and focusing on postpartum contraceptive initiation were advised frequently in developing countries to increase intention to use contraception [ 12 ]. Other factors from studies included: sharing information with husband/partner, counseling for contraceptives, education more than primary, the desired number of children were correlated with intention to use [ 13 ]. Women from educated families reported using contraceptive methods most of the time for emergency purposes [ 14 ].…”

Assessment of Intention to Use Contraceptive Methods With Spatial Distributions and Associated Factors Among Women in Ethiopia: Evidence From EDHS 2016

“…Only 27.68% of the women had formal work. Studies indicated that non-working women don't attend school and had less intention to use contraceptive methods (33), (13). Adequate Socioeconomic status was usually associated with health services utilization and birth planning, while the opposite is also true.…”

“…Educating Women, improving women's awareness, involving males in counseling, and focusing on postpartum contraceptive initiation were advised frequently in developing countries to increase intention (12). Other factors from studies include: sharing information with husband/partner, counseling for contraceptives, education more than primary, the desired number of children correlated to intention to use (13).…”