Contrasting Fluids in the Svetlinsk Gold-Telluride Hydrothermal System, South Urals

A significant part of the primary gold reserves in the world is contained in sulphide ores, many types of which are refractory in gold processing. The deposits of refractory sulphide ores will be the main potential source of gold production in the future. The refractory gold and silver in sulphide ores can be associated with micro- and nano-sized inclusions of Au and Ag minerals as well as isomorphous, adsorbed and other species of noble metals (NM) not thoroughly investigated. For gold and gold-bearing deposits of the Urals, distribution and forms of NM were studied in base metal sulphides by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and by neutron activation analysis. Composition of arsenopyrite and As-pyrite, proper Au and Ag minerals were identified using electron probe microanalysis. The ratio of various forms of invisible gold—which includes nanoparticles and chemically bound gold—in sulphides is discussed. Observations were also performed on about 120 synthetic crystals of NM-doped sphalerite and greenockite. In VMS ores with increasing metamorphism, CAu and CAg in the major sulphides (sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite) generally decrease. A portion of invisible gold also decreases —from ~65–85% to ~35–60% of the total Au. As a result of recrystallisation of ores, the invisible gold is enlarged and passes into the visible state as native gold, Au-Ag tellurides and sulphides. In the gold deposits of the Urals, the portion of invisible gold is usually <30% of the bulk Au.

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“…The average gold content is not high (2-3 g/t). Native gold in sulphide-quartz veins is closely associated with tellurides [65,66].…”

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confidence: 99%

Noble Metal Speciations in Hydrothermal Sulphides

et al. 2021

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“…Earlier exploration campaigns have found that the Carboniferous carbonaceous shales of the East Urals megazone host a number of commercial gold deposits (Kumakskoe, Svetlinskoe, Kamenskoe, Tetechnoe, etc. ), thereby fostering greater research interest in this region [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geology of Carbonaceous Deposits (Carboniferous) of the South Urals (Fedorovskaya Sequence, Sukharysh Syncline)

Vladimirovich¹

2021

Uch. Zap. Kazan. Univ. Ser. Estestv. Nauki

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The geological structure of coal formations of the Sukharysh syncline, which is located in the Kopeysk-Bredy subzone of the Alapaevsk-Adamovka structural-formational zone, was studied. The focus was specifically on the deposits of the Fedorovskaya sequence (C 2 fd) with outcrops in the sections along the Uvelka River and in few roadside pits. The width of the sequence is about 1000 m. The Middle Carboniferous (Bashkirian) age of the deposits was reliably dated based on the fossil faunal finds. It was shown that shales and aleurolites, which are widespread in the limestones of the Fedorovskaya sequence, belong to the low-carbon type and fall into the field of the siliceous-carbonate unit. The carbonaceous matter is developed in the form of scattered impurities, concentrated in the ultrafine veinlets and laminas, and corresponds to higher kerites subjected to catagenesis and the early stage of green shales facies. The organic carbon content is up to 20%, and, thus, the rock appears to be opaque. Sedimentation process took place in the isolated local shallow-water depressions under the geodynamic conditions of collision. The terrigenous material was formed as a result of the destruction of the underlying rocks of the major and average element composition of the Berezinskaya sequence. The maturity of the deposits consistently increases from the Tugundinskaya to Fedorovskaya sequences.

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“…In 2021, the depth of the open pit was approximately 240 meters. Every year 4-4.5 t of gold is mined at the deposit; the remaining reserves of gold to the depth of 600 m are estimated at 75 t [1][2][3], and its total reserves including already extracted ones are about 130-135 t. The Svetlinsky gold deposit is distinguished by an abundance of various tellurides (Fe, Ni, Pb, Sb, Bi, Ag, and Au) [4]. Au-Te deposits include the following types: epithermal, porphyritic, orogenic, or associated with the magmatic intrusion.…”

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Geological and structural position of the Svetlinsky gold deposit (Southern Urals)

Kissin

Pritchin

Ozornin

2022

PMI

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The paper presents the geological and structural position of the large Svetlinsky gold deposit in the Kochkar anticline (Southern Urals), localized in the zone of the Late Paleozoic (D3) deep thrust of the western dip. The study confirms and clarifies the notion of its multiphase and polychronism. The thrust caused bending moments in its wings, subsidence of the lying crust, emergence of a shallow marine basin with rapid accumulation of terrigenous carbonate sediments (C1v), and formation of numerous landslide structures. The heating of rocks in the anticline core was accompanied by granitization and dome formation. A small Svetlinsky dome formed in the immediate vicinity of the thrust, creating a thermobaric gradient field (С2). The zone of dome dynamic influence also includes the adjoining thrust area, complicated by a series of sub-vertical thrusts of sub meridional strike and numerous steeply dipping subparallel cracks of the latitudinal strike, synchronously filled with vein quartz and accompanied by hydrothermal metasomatic rock transformations. The formation of the gold deposit occurred during the post-collisional relaxation stage (from P1 to, probably, the Early Jurassic). The association of gold mineralization with the Svetlinsky dome is indicated by the presence of native gold in Neogene ravine placers in the dome area and marbles of the Svetlinsky deposit, in association with fluorite, F-phlogopite, Cr-muscovite, pink topaz, pure quartz, and native sulphur. The presence of native gold in Neogene ravine placers in the dome area and marbles of the Svetlinsky deposit, in association with fluorite, F-phlogopite, Cr-muscovite, pink topaz, pure quartz, and native sulphur, indicates the association of gold mineralization with the Svetlinsky dome.

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Contrasting Fluids in the Svetlinsk Gold-Telluride Hydrothermal System, South Urals

Cited by 20 publications

References 60 publications

Noble Metal Speciations in Hydrothermal Sulphides

Noble Metal Speciations in Hydrothermal Sulphides

The Geology of Carbonaceous Deposits (Carboniferous) of the South Urals (Fedorovskaya Sequence, Sukharysh Syncline)

Geological and structural position of the Svetlinsky gold deposit (Southern Urals)

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