Contrasting levels of genetic differentiation among populations of wolverines (Gulo gulo) from northern Canada revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial loci

Chappell, Derrick E.; Bussche, Ronald A. Van Den; Krizan, Julia; Patterson, Brent R.

doi:10.1007/s10592-004-1976-4

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Both mtDNA and microsatellite data show significant isolation-by-distance, and short distance (o40 km) dispersal is supported by banding records. Reduced dispersal is consistent with other non-migratory, resident species, including both birds (Burg et al, 2005;Graham and Burg, 2012;Lait et al, 2012) and mammals (Chappell et al, 2004;Aubry et al, 2009;Shafer et al, 2010a).…”

Section: Physical Barrierssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The location of suitable boreal chickadee habitat at the LGM in Beringia, the west coast of North America, the southern United States and Newfoundland (Figure 5b) is consistent with putative refugia described in other species (Chappell et al, 2004;Jaramillo-Correa et al, 2004;Colbeck et al, 2008;de Lafontaine et al, 2010;Graham and Burg, 2012;Pulgarín-R and Burg, 2012). Patterns of genetic diversity in the boreal chickadee were as expected if multiple refugial populations merged following prolonged isolation, with higher diversity and private haplotypes in or near putative refugia (AKF and Atlantic Canada; Supplementary Table S5) and evidence of secondary mixing in the centre portion of their range (that is, SK, NON and NQC; Taberlet et al, 1998;Petit et al, 2003).…”

Section: Impact Of Glaciationsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Although the majority of species thought to have persisted in Beringia are either restricted to the Northwest or Arctic regions (for example, Holder et al, 1999), evidence supports the use of this refugium by several widespread species, including the wolverine (Chappell et al, 2004) and red fox (Aubry et al, 2009), as well as black spruce and white spruce, two boreal trees upon which the boreal chickadee relies heavily (Jaramillo-Correa et al, 2004;Anderson et al, 2006;Gerardi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Impact Of Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When east meets west: population structure of a high-latitude resident species, the boreal chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus)

Lait

Burg

2013

Heredity

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The population genetic structure of northern boreal species has been strongly influenced both by the Quaternary glaciations and the presence of contemporary barriers, such as mountain ranges and rivers. We used a combination of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), nuclear microsatellites and spatial distribution modelling to study the population genetic structure of the boreal chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus), a resident passerine, and to investigate whether historical or contemporary barriers have influenced this northern species. MtDNA data showed evidence of eastern and western groups, with secondary admixture occurring in central Canada. This suggests that the boreal chickadee probably persisted in multiple glacial refugia, one in Beringia and at least one in the east. Palaeo-distribution modelling identified suitable habitat in Beringia (Alaska), Atlantic Canada and the southern United States, and correspond to divergence dates of 60-96 kya. Pairwise F ST values for both mtDNA and microsatellites were significant for all comparisons involving Newfoundland, though mtDNA data suggest a more recent separation. Furthermore, unlike mtDNA data, nuclear data support population connectivity among the continental populations, possibly due to male-biased dispersal. Although both are significant, the isolation-by-distance signal is much stronger for mtDNA (r 2 ¼ 0.51) than for microsatellites (r 2 ¼ 0.05), supporting the hypothesis of male-biased dispersal. The population structure of the boreal chickadee was influenced by isolation in multiple refugia and contemporary barriers. In addition to geographical distance, physical barriers such as the Strait of Belle Isle and northern mountains in Alaska are restricting gene flow, whereas the Rocky Mountains in the west are a porous barrier.

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Section: Physical Barrierssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Impact Of Glaciationsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Impact Of Glaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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When east meets west: population structure of a high-latitude resident species, the boreal chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus)

Lait

Burg

2013

Heredity

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“…Our 1st goal was to assess the mitochondrial genetic structure of black bears across a 1,700-km continuum in a landscape that is largely homogeneous. We hypothesized that within this continuous landscape, due to black bear male-biased dispersal combined with female philopatry (Lee and Vaughan 2003;Rogers 1987) and the maternal mode of inheritance of mtDNA, our results would show strong differentiation among regions, a pattern that would not be observed with biparentally inherited neutral markers (Chappell et al 2004;Johnson et al 2003;Tomasik and Cook 2005). Our 2nd goal was to place the mtDNA results into a wider continental context by clarifying how Ontario black bears relate to other North American populations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A problem that arises, however, is that research using combinations of neutral molecular marker types that have different rates of evolution and modes of inheritance can reveal contrasting patterns of genetic differentiation (Brito 2007;Flanders et al 2009;Hellborg et al 2002;Johnson et al 2003). For this reason studies that incorporate both biparentally inherited nuclear microsatellites and maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are becoming increasingly important in describing population delineations of highly vagile species that have different male and female life histories (Chappell et al 2004;Tomasik and Cook 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extirpation Risk of an Isolated Black Bear Population Under Different Management Scenarios

Howe¹,

Obbard²,

Schaefer³

2007

J Wildl Manag

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Habitat loss and anthropogenic mortality are recognized as threats to populations of large carnivores worldwide, yet their relative importance to extinction risk has rarely been quantified. We used population viability analysis (PVA) to estimate extinction probability of an isolated population of black bears (Ursus americanus) on the Bruce Peninsula, Ontario, Canada under different management scenarios. We used random‐effects analysis of variance to estimate components of variance in extinction risk explained by 4 management actions: 1) preventing habitat destruction, 2) reducing or eliminating incidental non‐natural mortality, 3) reducing or eliminating harvest, and 4) reducing the fraction of reproducing females in the harvest. Habitat area reductions had the greatest effect on risk despite uncertainty in bear density. Incidental non‐natural mortality had a greater effect than the rate or age and sex distribution of harvest. Quantifying the variation in outputs of PVA models associated with different management options is an improvement over qualitative comparisons of relative risk and enhances the applicability of PVA to management. This study highlights the importance of protecting habitats on adjacent private lands when reserves are too small to support populations of bears, and of protecting reproducing females from non‐natural mortality—results that could aid managers of other large carnivores in focusing management efforts to ensure persistence of populations.

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The risks of learning: confounding detection and demographic trend when using count‐based indices for population monitoring

Gervasi

Brøseth

Giménez

et al. 2014

Ecology and Evolution

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Theory recognizes that a treatment of the detection process is required to avoid producing biased estimates of population rate of change. Still, one of three monitoring programmes on animal or plant populations is focused on simply counting individuals or other fixed visible structures, such as natal dens, nests, tree cavities. This type of monitoring design poses concerns about the possibility to respect the assumption of constant detection, as the information acquired in a given year about the spatial distribution of reproductive sites can provide a higher chance to detect the species in subsequent years. We developed an individual-based simulation model, which evaluates how the accumulation of knowledge about the spatial distribution of a population process can affect the accuracy of population growth rate estimates, when using simple count-based indices. Then, we assessed the relative importance of each parameter in affecting monitoring performance. We also present the case of wolverines (Gulo gulo) in southern Scandinavia as an example of a monitoring system with an intrinsic tendency to accumulate knowledge and increase detectability. When the occupation of a nest or den is temporally autocorrelated, the monitoring system is prone to increase its knowledge with time. This happens also when there is no intensification in monitoring effort and no change in the monitoring conditions. Such accumulated knowledge is likely to increase detection probability with time and can produce severe bias in the estimation of the rate and direction of population change over time. We recommend that a systematic sampling of the population process under study and an explicit treatment of the underlying detection process should be implemented whenever economic and logistical constraints permit, as failure to include detection probability in the estimation of population growth rate can lead to serious bias and severe consequences for management and conservation.

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Contrasting levels of genetic differentiation among populations of wolverines (Gulo gulo) from northern Canada revealed by nuclear and mitochondrial loci

Abstract: Habitat loss, fragmentation, overharvest, and other anthropogenic factors have resulted in population and distribution declines for North American wolverines (Gulo gulo). Currently, wolverines east of the Hudson

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

When east meets west: population structure of a high-latitude resident species, the boreal chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus)

When east meets west: population structure of a high-latitude resident species, the boreal chickadee (Poecile hudsonicus)

Extirpation Risk of an Isolated Black Bear Population Under Different Management Scenarios

The risks of learning: confounding detection and demographic trend when using count‐based indices for population monitoring

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