Contribution of collateral sprouting to the sensory and sudomotor recovery in thehuman palm after peripheral nerve injury

Ahčan, Uroš; Arne, Zoran M.; Bajrović, Fajko F.; Janko, M

doi:10.1054/bjps.1997.0210

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In medicine, the results concerning the excretory function of sweat glands are of diagnostic value in the identification of such diseases as obliterating endarteritis, change in the vegetative-regulation tone, etc. In examining skin perspiration intensity, it is a common practice to use weight-loss data (Allen et al 1971), the ninhydrin test (Petrovskii 1983, Ponten 1960, Ahcan et al 1998, and colorimetric tests based on colour depth and tint variations of chemicals responding to sweating intensity on various parts of the skin (Rovensky and Toman 1962). Among the latter tests, the Minor iodinestarch test (Petrovskii 1983, De Marinis et al 1991 is the most popular one.…”

Section: Executive Mechanisms Of Thermoregulation In Humans and Metho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

FPA-based infrared thermography as applied to the study of cutaneous perspiration and stimulated vascular response in humans

Vainer

2005

Phys. Med. Biol.

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This review gives an overview of focal plane array (FPA)-based infrared (IR) thermography as a powerful research method in the field of physiology and medicine. Comparison of the gained results with the data previously obtained by other authors with other research tools is given. Outer thermoregulatory manifestations displayed by the human organism subjected to whole-body heating (sauna bath) and physical loads (exercise bicycling) are quantitatively analysed. Some details of human body emotional sweating (psycho-physiological effect) are reported. Particular attention is paid to studying active sweat glands as individual objects. All experimental data were obtained with the help of a high-sensitivity (0.03 degrees C) fast 128 x 128 InAs IR detector-based thermal imaging system operating in the short-wave spectral region (2.5 to 3 microm) and perfectly suiting medical purposes. It is shown that IR thermography makes it possible to overcome limitations inherent to contact measuring means that were traditionally used before in thermal studies. It is also shown that heterogeneous thermograms displayed by organisms with disturbed inner equilibrium can be quantitatively analysed in terms of statistical parameters of related surface-temperature histograms, such as the mean temperature and the standard deviation of temperature (SDT). The increase and the decrease in SDT turned out to be typical of prolonged physical load and subsequent relaxation, and of external whole-body heating, respectively. Explanation of this result based on a hypothesis advanced within the context of the doctrine of human-organism evolution is given. Skin-temperature distribution function accompanying the relaxed organism in normality was found to closely resemble normal-distribution function. Symmetry break down and variation of the shape of this characteristic may serve as an indicator of homeostasis shift and can be used as a quantitative criterion for the latter. A new phenomenon, stable punctate hidrosis, is discovered and described. The term sweatology is introduced to refer to the discussed specific research area in biomedical science.

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Section: Executive Mechanisms Of Thermoregulation In Humans and Metho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

FPA-based infrared thermography as applied to the study of cutaneous perspiration and stimulated vascular response in humans

Vainer

2005

Phys. Med. Biol.

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“…However, collateral sprouting is well known to occur from surrounding healthy tissues at sites of injury and denervation [ 53 , 54 ]. Sensory collateral re-innervation in the facial region has been demonstrated by electrophysiological examination in a case of a major nerve removal [ 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetoencephalographic evaluation of repaired lip sensation in patients with cleft lip

et al. 2022

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Background Cleft lip is the most common congenital anomaly worldwide. Nevertheless, lip somatosensory characteristics of patients with cleft lip after cheiloplasty have not yet been determined. The present study used magnetoencephalography to objectively evaluate the lip sensation in patients with unilateral cleft lip to establish a new objective evaluation method. Methods Participants were 15 patients with unilateral cleft lip after cheiloplasty (UCL group), and 30 healthy young subjects (control group). Five points of the upper and lower lips were stimulated electrically to measure somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs). The sources of the magnetic fields were modeled as single equivalent current dipoles (ECDs). ECDs located on the central sulcus by superimposition on magnetic resonance images were analyzed. Latency and intensity at 50–75 ms (cP60m) observed in the UCL group were compared with those in the control group. Thresholds of tactile stimuli in both groups were obtained using Semmes–Weinstein monofilaments for subjective sensory evaluation. Results No significant difference was found in the intensity of the cP60m or subjective evaluation between the groups. However, the latency of the cP60m was significantly longer in the upper lip of the UCL group than in the control group. Conclusions SEFs showed a difference in lip sensation between the UCL group and the control group, suggesting that longer latency might be caused by the effects of surgical scarring on the neurotransmission pathway. These results suggest SEFs as useful for the objective evaluation of lip sensations. This study might improve future surgical procedures and lip functions of patients with cleft lip.

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“…A second mechanism of reinnervation, collateral sprouting, involves local ectopic branching and axonal extension from uninjured (i.e., spared) neurons into adjacent denervated tissue (Livingston, 1947; Ahcan et al, 1998; Theriault et al, 1998; Ali et al, 2002). Because it is initiated locally, collateral sprouting theoretically offers the opportunity for a more rapid sensory recovery than nerve regeneration, and could compensate when regeneration is impossible or delayed (Ahcan et al, 1998). However, available data suggest that collateral sprouting in humans is limited in extent, and that in both humans and in animal models, collateral sprouting is nonuniform across sensory modalities and neuronal subtypes (Horch, 1981; Jackson and Diamond, 1984a; Ahcan et al, 1998; Diamond and Foerster, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because it is initiated locally, collateral sprouting theoretically offers the opportunity for a more rapid sensory recovery than nerve regeneration, and could compensate when regeneration is impossible or delayed (Ahcan et al, 1998). However, available data suggest that collateral sprouting in humans is limited in extent, and that in both humans and in animal models, collateral sprouting is nonuniform across sensory modalities and neuronal subtypes (Horch, 1981; Jackson and Diamond, 1984a; Ahcan et al, 1998; Diamond and Foerster, 1992). There is also a complex relationship between tissue reinnervation and the duration of neuropathic pain, and in some cases neuropathic pain may occur in regions of collateral sprouting (Ali et al, 2002; Gangadharan et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin Reinnervation by Collateral Sprouting Following Spared Nerve Injury in Mice

Jeon,

Pradeep,

Chang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Following peripheral nerve injury, denervated tissues can be reinnervated via regeneration of injured neurons or via collateral sprouting of neighboring uninjured afferents into the denervated territory. While there has been substantial focus on mechanisms underlying regeneration, collateral sprouting has received relatively less attention. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry and genetic neuronal labeling to define the subtype specificity of sprouting-mediated reinnervation of plantar hind paw skin in the mouse spared nerve injury (SNI) model, in which productive regeneration cannot occur. Following an initial loss of cutaneous afferents in the tibial nerve territory, we observed progressive centripetal reinnervation by multiple subtypes of neighboring uninjured fibers into denervated glabrous and hairy plantar skin. In addition to dermal reinnervation, CGRP-expressing peptidergic fibers slowly but continuously repopulated the denervated epidermis, Interestingly, GFRα2-expressing nonpeptidergic fibers exhibited a transient burst of epidermal reinnervation, followed by trend towards regression. Presumptive sympathetic nerve fibers also sprouted into the denervated territory, as did a population of myelinated TrkC lineage fibers, though the latter did so less efficiently. Conversely, rapidly adapting Aβ fiber and C fiber low threshold mechanoreceptor (LTMR) subtypes failed to exhibit convincing collateral sprouting up to 8 weeks after nerve injury. Optogenetics and behavioral assays further demonstrated the functionality of collaterally sprouted fibers in hairy plantar skin with restoration of punctate mechanosensation without hypersensitivity. Our findings advance understanding of differential collateral sprouting among sensory neuron subpopulations and may guide strategies to promote the progression of sensory recovery or limit maladaptive sensory phenomena after peripheral nerve injury.Significance StatementFollowing nerve injury, whereas one mechanism for tissue reinnervation is regeneration of injured neurons, another, less well studied mechanism is collateral sprouting of nearby uninjured neurons. In this study, we examined collateral sprouting in denervated mouse skin and showed that it involves some, but not all neuronal subtypes. Despite such heterogeneity, a significant degree of restoration of punctate mechanical sensitivity is achieved. These findings highlight the diversity of collateral sprouting among peripheral neuron subtypes and reveal important differences between pre- and post-denervation skin that might be appealing targets for therapeutic correction to enhance functional recovery from denervation and prevent unwanted sensory phenomena such as pain or numbness.

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Contribution of collateral sprouting to the sensory and sudomotor recovery in thehuman palm after peripheral nerve injury

Cited by 18 publications

References 30 publications

FPA-based infrared thermography as applied to the study of cutaneous perspiration and stimulated vascular response in humans

FPA-based infrared thermography as applied to the study of cutaneous perspiration and stimulated vascular response in humans

Magnetoencephalographic evaluation of repaired lip sensation in patients with cleft lip

Skin Reinnervation by Collateral Sprouting Following Spared Nerve Injury in Mice

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