Contribution of Four Polymorphisms in Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-Related Genes to Hypertension in a Thai Population

Abstract

Introduction. The roles of genes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in hypertension, including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AGTR1), and aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2), have been widely studied across different ethnicities, but there has been no such investigation in Thai population. Materials and Methods. Using 4,150 Thais recorded in the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) study, we examined the association of rs1799752, rs699, rs5186, and rs1799998 located in or near ACE, AGT, AGTR1, and CYP11B2 genes in hypertension. We investigated their roles in hypertension using multivariate logistic regression and further examined their roles in blood pressure (BP) using quantile regression. Sex, age, and BMI were adjusted as potential confounders. Results. We did not observe associations between hypertension and rs1799752 (P=0.422), rs699 (P=0.36), rs5186 (P=0.49), and rs1799998 (P=0.71). No evidence of association between these SNPs and BP was found across an entire distribution. A nonlinear relationship between age and BP was observed. Conclusion. In Thai population, our study showed no evidence of association between RAAS-related genes and hypertension. While our study is the first and largest study to investigate the role of RAAS-related genes in hypertension in Thai population, restricted statistical power due to limited sample size is a limitation.

Association of AGTR1 (rs5186), VDR (rs2228570) genes polymorphism with blood pressure elevation in patients with essential arterial hypertension

“…Essential arterial hypertension (EAH) affects about 25–43% of the population worldwide. Medical experts estimate that EAH is the most common disease globally: from 1 billion people in 2000 to 1,6 billion in 2025 [ 1 – 3 ]. Also, EAH is one of the most important cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors.…”

“…Wang L. et al [ 17 ] found that VDR polymorphisms BsmI and FokI are linked to hypertension in the US population. Even though genetic predictors of RAAS activity, including EAH, have been studied widely throughout the last decade [ 1 , 10 , 18 – 22 ], a number of them remain unexplored, especially in the Ukrainian population.…”

Linkage of blood pressure, obesity and diabetes mellitus with angiotensinogen gene (AGT 704T>C/rs699) polymorphism in hypertensive patients

“…Hypertension is a multifactorial disease with the interaction of many risk factors, and environmental and strong genetic backgrounds (3). The most studied genetic factors are those involved in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity (RAAS), such as angiotensinogen gene (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II receptor gene (AGTRII), as well as modifi ed factors such as obesity, increased body mass index (BMI), excessive salt intake, alcohol consumption, stress, low levels of high density lipids (HDL) and total cholesterol increase (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9). Genes determine approximately 20-60 % of blood pressure (BP) variability and some peculiarities of hypertension-mediated organ damage in different populations (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Association of −344C/T polymorphism in the aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) gene with cardiac and cerebrovascular events in Chinese patients with hypertension

“… 8 , 12 Nevertheless, one report suggested that rs1799998 is not associated with hypertension or other cardiovascular indicators in a population in Thailand. 13 …”

“…8,12 Nevertheless, one report suggested that rs1799998 is not associated with hypertension or other cardiovascular indicators in a population in Thailand. 13 Recent population-based studies established the association of the À344C/T CYP11B2 polymorphism with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. 14,15 Because of differences in À344C/T allele frequencies and incidences of cardiovascular disorders in different ethnicities, these results may not be applicable to the Chinese population.…”