Contribution of the Mevalonate and Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathways to the Biosynthesis of Gibberellins inArabidopsis

Kasahara, Hiroyuki; Hanada, Atsushi; Kuzuyama, Tomohisa; Takagi, Motoki; Kamiya, Yûji; Yamaguchi, Shinjiro

doi:10.1074/jbc.m208659200

Cited by 247 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Several published studies support the hypothesis that IPP, GPP, and GGPP are transported between the cytosolic and plastidial compartments, with a preference for transport from the plastid to the cytosol (Hemmerlin et al, 2003;Skorupinska-Tudek et al, 2008). This observation corroborates in vivo observations (Kasahara et al, 2002(Kasahara et al, , 2004Laule et al, 2003;Sakakibara et al, 2005) with inhibitor-treated Arabidopsis seedlings, cell cultures of Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) (Schuhr et al, 2003), and BY-2 cells (Hemmerlin et al, 2003). However, in the two latter studies, exogenous MVA was, to some extent, incorporated into plastids and used to produce plastidial isoprenoids.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Rodríguez-Concepció n and Boronat, 2002) suggests the possibility of a role for the MEP pathway in protein geranylgeranylation. However, this assumption cannot be entirely true because exchange of MVA and MEP pathway intermediates and products (i.e., crosstalk) has been demonstrated, although these interactions, for the most part, were demonstrated following elicitation of defense responses (Piel et al, 1998;Jux et al, 2001) or treatment with inhibitors (Kasahara et al, 2002;Hemmerlin et al, 2003;Laule et al, 2003). Other reasons also exist to question this assumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Plastidial 2-C-Methyl-d-Erythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway Provides the Isoprenyl Moiety for Protein Geranylgeranylation in Tobacco BY-2 Cells

et al. 2009

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Protein farnesylation and geranylgeranylation are important posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells. We visualized in transformed Nicotiana tabacum Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells the geranylgeranylation and plasma membrane localization of GFP-BD-CVIL, which consists of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the C-terminal polybasic domain (BD) and CVIL isoprenylation motif from the Oryza sativa calmodulin, CaM61. Treatment with fosmidomycin (Fos) or oxoclomazone (OC), inhibitors of the plastidial 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, caused mislocalization of the protein to the nucleus, whereas treatment with mevinolin, an inhibitor of the cytosolic mevalonate pathway, did not. The nuclear localization of GFP-BD-CVIL in the presence of MEP pathway inhibitors was completely reversed by all-transgeranylgeraniol (GGol). Furthermore, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose (DX) reversed the effects of OC, but not Fos, consistent with the hypothesis that OC blocks 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthesis, whereas Fos inhibits its conversion to 2-C-methyl-Derythritol 4-phosphate. By contrast, GGol and DX did not rescue the nuclear mislocalization of GFP-BD-CVIL in the presence of a protein geranylgeranyltransferase type 1 inhibitor. Thus, the MEP pathway has an essential role in geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) biosynthesis and protein geranylgeranylation in BY-2 cells. GFP-BD-CVIL is a versatile tool for identifying pharmaceuticals and herbicides that interfere either with GGPP biosynthesis or with protein geranylgeranylation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Plastidial 2-C-Methyl-d-Erythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway Provides the Isoprenyl Moiety for Protein Geranylgeranylation in Tobacco BY-2 Cells

et al. 2009

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“…Strong biochemical evidence for such an exchange of precursors between the cytosol and the plastid was reported (Kasahara et al 2002;Nagata et al 2002;Hemmerlin et al 2003).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of mevinolin on chloroplast terpenoids in Cannabis sativa

Mansouri

Salari

2014

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Plants synthesize a myriad of isoprenoid products that are required both for essential constitutive processes and for adaptive responses to the environment. Two independent pathways for the biosynthesis of isoprenoid precursors coexist within the plant cell: the cytosolic mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway and the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of the MVA pathway on isoprenoid biosynthesized by the MEP pathway in Cannabis sativa by treatment with mevinolin. The amount of chlorophyll a, b, and total showed to be significantly enhanced in treated plants in comparison with control plants. Also, mevinolin induced the accumulation of carotenoids and α-tocopherol in treated plants. Mevinolin caused a significant decrease in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content. This result show that the inhibition of the MVA pathway stimulates MEP pathway but none for all metabolites.

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“…Concomitant regulation of both pathways has already been documented in several systems for biosynthesis of several plastid isoprenoids such as carotenoids, chlorophyll, plastoquinone (43,51), and cytoplasmic isoprenoids, e.g. gibberellins and sterols (43,52).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of the Mevalonate and Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathways to the Biosynthesis of Dolichols in Plants

Skorupińska-Tudek

Poznański

Wójcik

et al. 2008

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Plant isoprenoids are derived from two biosynthetic pathways, the cytoplasmic mevalonate (MVA) and the plastidial methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway. In this study their respective contributions toward formation of dolichols in Coluria geoides hairy root culture were estimated using in vivo labeling with 13 C-labeled glucose as a general precursor. NMR and mass spectrometry showed that both the MVA and MEP pathways were the sources of isopentenyl diphosphate incorporated into polyisoprenoid chains. The involvement of the MEP pathway was found to be substantial at the initiation stage of dolichol chain synthesis, but it was virtually nil at the terminal steps; statistically, 6 -8 isoprene units within the dolichol molecule (i.e. 40 -50% of the total) were derived from the MEP pathway. These results were further verified by incorporation of Polyisoprenoid alcohols together with sterols and quinone side chains constitute three main branches of terpene products originating from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) 4 (1). These linear five-carbon unit polymers are divided into two groups, i.e. polyprenols and dolichols, according to the hydrogenation status of the ␣-terminal isoprene unit (dolichol structure is shown in Fig. 1). In cells, polyprenols and dolichols are always found as mixtures of prenologues, and data collected so far show polyprenols to be typical for bacteria and plants, whereas dolichols are generally attributed to animals and yeast (2). Nevertheless, it should be remembered that dolichols are the predominant form in some plant organs like roots (3). Data on the occurrence and functions of polyisoprenoids are summarized in recently published reviews (4, 5). The formation of the polyisoprenoid chain, starting from the -end of the molecule (Fig. 1), proceeds in a biphasic manner with farnesyl-diphosphate synthase responsible for the synthesis of the all-trans-FPP (three isoprene units of -t 2 structure, t stands for trans-isoprene unit), and its further elongation by cis-prenyltransferase. The latter enzyme, cloned from several prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms (see Refs. 6, 7 and references therein), including Arabidopsis thaliana (8,9) and Hevea brasiliensis (10), utilizes isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) for elongation of FPP up to the desired chain length, thus producing a family of polyprenyl diphosphates (n isoprene units of -t 2 -c n-3 structure, c stands for cis-isoprene unit), which are subsequently converted to polyprenols or dolichols according to the "tissue-specific requirements" by a still unknown mechanism.In plant cells two pathways are known to produce IPP utilized by numerous enzymes to finally give more than 50,000 different isoprenoid structures, the mevalonate pathway (MVA) and the mevalonate-independent methylerythritol phosphate pathway (MEP) (for reviews, see Refs. 11-13). Both pathways are compartmentalized as follows: the MVA in the cytoplasm to provide sterols, the many sesquiterpenes, and the prenyl chains of ubiquinones, and the MEP one in the plastids Tables 1 and 2

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Contribution of the Mevalonate and Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathways to the Biosynthesis of Gibberellins inArabidopsis

Cited by 247 publications

References 44 publications

The Plastidial 2-C-Methyl-d-Erythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway Provides the Isoprenyl Moiety for Protein Geranylgeranylation in Tobacco BY-2 Cells

The Plastidial 2-C-Methyl-d-Erythritol 4-Phosphate Pathway Provides the Isoprenyl Moiety for Protein Geranylgeranylation in Tobacco BY-2 Cells

Influence of mevinolin on chloroplast terpenoids in Cannabis sativa

Contribution of the Mevalonate and Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathways to the Biosynthesis of Dolichols in Plants

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