Contributions to Grain Yield from Pre-anthesis Assimilation in Tall and Dwarf Barley Phenotypes in Two Contrasting Seasons

Austin, R. B.; Morgan, Colin; Ford, M. A.; Blackwell, R. D.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a085826

Cited by 160 publications

(111 citation statements)

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“…However, the difference in dry matter accumulation during this period does not include the dry matter losses that occurred either by senescence of tissues nor by respiration (Austin et al, 1980;Hall et al, 1989). Austin et al (1977) found that 73% of the loss of vegetative dry matter was allotted to the grain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen translocation in wheat inoculated with Azospirillum and fertilized with nitrogen

Rodrigues

Didonet

Gouveia

et al. 2000

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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-The productivity and the translocation of assimilates and nitrogen (N) were compared after inoculation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. BR-23) seeds with two strains of Azospirillum brasilense (strains 245 and JA 04) under field conditions. The inoculation of wheat seeds was done with a peat inoculant at sowing time. Plant material for evaluations were collected at anthesis and maturity. No differences in grain yield and in the translocation of assimilates resulting from inoculation were detected. Differences were observed in relation to N rates (0, 15, and 60 kg ha -1 ). N content in the grain increased significantly in the bacteria-inoculated treatments in which N was not added. This increase in N content in the grain with inoculation was probably due to higher N uptake after anthesis without any significant contribution on the grain yield. Such increment was of 8.4 kg ha -1 of N representing 66% more N than in no inoculated treatment. Regardless of the inoculation and the rate of N applied, it was observed that about 70% of the N accumulated at anthesis was translocated from vegetative parts to the grain.Index terms: Triticum aestivum, nitrogen fertilization, nitrogen metabolism, assimilation, nitrogen fixing bacteria. TRANSLOCAÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO EM TRIGO INFECTADO POR AZOSPIRILLUME ADUBADO COM NITROGÊNIO RESUMO -Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito da inoculação na produtividade, na translocação de assimilados e de N, durante o desenvolvimento da planta de trigo (Triticum aestivum L. cv. BR-23), foi realizado este estudo em condições de campo, com duas estirpes de Azospirillum brasilense (245 e JA 04). A inoculação foi efetuada no momento da semeadura, com inoculante turfoso. As coletas dos materiais para as avaliações foram efetuadas na antese e na maturação. Não foi detectado efeito da inoculação na produção de grãos e na translocação de assimilados. Diferenças foram observadas em relação às doses de N (0, 15 e 60 kg ha -1 ). O teor de N no grão aumentou significativamente nos tratamentos com bactérias, sem adição de N. Esse aumento foi provavelmente decorrente da maior absorção de N após a antese, sem reflexo significativo no rendimento de grãos. Tal aumento no N absorvido após a antese foi superior em 66% ao tratamento sem inoculação, representando um incremento de cerca de 8,4 kg ha -1 . Independentemente da inoculação e da dose de N estudadas, observou-se que aproximadamente 70% do N acumulado na antese foi translocado das partes vegetativas para o grão.Termos para indexação: Triticum aestivum, adubação nitrogenada, metabolismo do nitrogênio, assimilação, bactéria fixadora de nitrogênio.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen translocation in wheat inoculated with Azospirillum and fertilized with nitrogen

Rodrigues

Didonet

Gouveia

et al. 2000

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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“…However, N dynamics are also strongly influenced by the environment. In the instance of DM, reduced contributions of preanthesis assimilate to grain in dry years or during water stress have often been reported (Aspinall 1965;Gallagher et al 1975;Bidinger et al 1977;Austin et al 1980;Lawlor et al 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen and dry matter partitioning of barley grown in a dryland environment

Ruiter

Brooking

1994

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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Fifty-eight spring malting barley crops (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Triumph') were monitored in the Rangitikei district, New Zealand (40°20'S), over three seasons beginning 1987/88 and covering a wide variation in soil moisture conditions during grain filling but small deficits before anthesis. The objectives were to: (1) document the range of variability of grain yield among locations and years; (2) determine if systematic patterns occurred in the dry matter (DM) accumulation and nitrogen (N) uptake; and (3) evaluate the effects these processes have on the partitioning of DM and N between the grain and the rest of the plant. Mean yearly grain yields (14% moisture) were 6.85, 5.12, and 5.07 t/ha, respectively. Grain number/m 2 accounted for 79% of the variation in grain yield. On average, 63% of the N in the above ground crop was derived from soil reserves, and 87% of the total N uptake occurred before anthesis. Pre-anthesis processes had a major effect on crop characteristics at maturity. For example, the level of crop N at anthesis (indicative of pre-anthesis N uptake) was a good predictor of the extent of post-anthesis partitioning H93059Received 30 August 1993; accepted 30 November 1993 of N to the grain (r = -0.75). Conversely, high postanthesis N uptake was generally not related to grain N concentration. Therefore, under dryland conditions, there is scope for improving yield by late applications of N without causing grain quality reductions. Management options for obtaining high yields of malting barley under non-irrigated conditions are discussed. These include the use of crop N concentration at anthesis as an indicator of crop N status.

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“…The culm reserves play a vital role in buffering grain yield when canopy photosynthesis is restricted by senescence (Austine et al, 1980;Gaunt and Wright, 1992;Takahashi and Kanazawa, 1996). The decline of culm dry weight indicates the remobilization of reserved materials from stem to grains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological Mechanisms of Poor Grain Growth in Abnormally Early Ripening Wheat Grown in West Japan

Takahashi

Zhang

Nakatsukasa³

et al. 2009

Plant Production Science

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Contributions to Grain Yield from Pre-anthesis Assimilation in Tall and Dwarf Barley Phenotypes in Two Contrasting Seasons

Cited by 160 publications

References 0 publications

Nitrogen translocation in wheat inoculated with Azospirillum and fertilized with nitrogen

Nitrogen translocation in wheat inoculated with Azospirillum and fertilized with nitrogen

Nitrogen and dry matter partitioning of barley grown in a dryland environment

Physiological Mechanisms of Poor Grain Growth in Abnormally Early Ripening Wheat Grown in West Japan

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