Control and Size Energy Storage Systems for Managing Energy Imbalance of Variable Generation Resources

Abstract

This paper presents control algorithms and sizing strategies for using energy storage to manage energy imbalance for variable generation resources. The control objective is to minimize the hourly generation imbalance between the actual and the scheduled generation of wind farms. Three control algorithms are compared: 1) tracking minute-by-minute power imbalance; 2) postcompensation; and 3) precompensation. Measured data from a wind farm are used in the study. The results show that tracking minute-by-minute power imbalance achieves the best performance by keeping hourly energy imbalance zero. However, the energy storage system (ESS) will be significantly oversized. Postcompensation reduces the power rating of the ESS but the hourly energy imbalance may not be reduced to zero when a large and long-lasting power imbalance occurs. A linear regression forecasting algorithm is developed for a two-stage precompensation algorithm to precharge or predischarge the ESS based on the predicted energy imbalance. An equivalent charge cycle estimation method is proposed to evaluate the effect of providing the energy balancing service on battery life. The performance comparison shows that the precompensation method reduces the size of the ESS by 30% with satisfactory performance.

Stochastic coordinated operation of wind and battery energy storage system considering battery degradation

“…In order to describe the battery cycles from different SoC starting points and ending points, we refer to [16,32] and use the degradation difference between two regular cycles to estimate the degradation of one irregular cycle. The daily degradation is the sum of degradation during each time interval, as shown in (4).…”

Sizing Hydrogen Energy Storage in Consideration of Demand Response in Highly Renewable Generation Power Systems

“…As the integration of large-scale storage into a system can significantly improve renewable generation usage, it recently has been the focus of considerable scholarly attention [6][7][8][9]. Although energy storage appears to be a feasible option with which to increase system flexibility for the accommodation of large-scale intermittent renewable generation, the high upfront costs of this advanced storage technology merit consideration.…”

Assessing the Potential Benefits and Limits of Electric Storage Heaters for Wind Curtailment Mitigation: A Finnish Case Study

“…Recently, curtailment mitigation solutions such as demand response [4][5][6], active network management [7,8], network reinforcement [9,10], market rules and support schemes [11], and storage technologies [12][13][14][15][16][17] have been investigated in literature. While each option has pros and cons, storage technologies would be imperative to ensure a tolerable level of curtailment.…”