Control of malaria outbreak due to Plasmodium vivax in Aswan Governorate, Egypt

Kandeel, Amr; Haggag, Ayat A.; Fetouh, M Abo El; Naiel, M; Refaey, Samir; Hassan, Abdala; Ramzy, Reda M. R.

doi:10.26719/2016.22.4.274

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…While similar findings from Nubia are so far missing, it is assumed that the spread of the disease into Egypt from the more southern regions of Africa would have occurred via the Nile Valley route; thus, its presence in Egypt also presupposes a presence of the disease in the Middle Nile Valley from at least the 2nd millennium BC onwards (Malcolm et al 2007 ). More recently, an outbreak in the Aswan area in 2014 provides evidence of the continued hospitable environment for the vector and human host interaction (Kandeel et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elusive parasite: comparing macroscopic, immunological, and genomic approaches to identifying malaria in human skeletal remains from Sayala, Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD)

Mbouaka

Gamble

Wurst

et al. 2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Although malaria is one of the oldest and most widely distributed diseases affecting humans, identifying and characterizing its presence in ancient human remains continue to challenge researchers. We attempted to establish a reliable approach to detecting malaria in human skeletons using multiple avenues of analysis: macroscopic observations, rapid diagnostic tests, and shotgun-capture sequencing techniques, to identify pathological changes, Plasmodium antigens, and Plasmodium DNA, respectively. Bone and tooth samples from ten individuals who displayed skeletal lesions associated with anaemia, from a site in southern Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD), were selected. Plasmodium antigens were detected in five of the ten bone samples, and traces of Plasmodium aDNA were detected in six of the twenty bone and tooth samples. There was relatively good synchronicity between the biomolecular findings, despite not being able to authenticate the results. This study highlights the complexity and limitations in the conclusive identification of the Plasmodium parasite in ancient human skeletons. Limitations regarding antigen and aDNA preservation and the importance of sample selection are at the forefront of the search for malaria in the past. We confirm that, currently, palaeopathological changes such as cribra orbitalia are not enough to be certain of the presence of malaria. While biomolecular methods are likely the best chance for conclusive identification, we were unable to obtain results which correspond to the current authentication criteria of biomolecules. This study represents an important contribution in the refinement of biomolecular techniques used; also, it raises new insight regarding the consistency of combining several approaches in the identification of malaria in past populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The elusive parasite: comparing macroscopic, immunological, and genomic approaches to identifying malaria in human skeletal remains from Sayala, Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD)

Mbouaka

Gamble

Wurst

et al. 2021

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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“…Also, it did-criminate falciparum or mixed ones as nonspecific (Soliman et al, 2018) The present results showed that P. vivax, P. falciparum followed by mixed P. vivax & P. falciparum infections were 0.5%, 0.25%, & 0.25%, respectively. At 2014, an Egypti-an outbreak at Aswan Governorate included 20 cases (95.3%) P. vivax and (4.6%) a falciparum cases (Kandeel et al, 2016). But, Kamel et al (2016) in El Fayoum Governorate reported P. falciprum travelled to Sudan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaria Among Immigrant̕ S Workforce Returning From Endemic Districts in Alwosta City, Egypt

Abu-Sarea

Ismael

Shaapan

et al. 2020

Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology

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“…In this analysis, at least 31 of the migrants/asylum seekers transited Ethiopia and this region may have been the source of some of the infections [ 22 ]. In seven cases, Egypt was included in the transit route and while this would be an unlikely area of acquisition (due to the current malaria elimination status) cross-border movements render the area vulnerable to re-introduction [ 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area of exposure and treatment challenges of malaria in Eritrean migrants: a GeoSentinel analysis

Schlagenhauf

Grobusch

Hamer

et al. 2018

Malar J

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BackgroundRecent reports highlight malaria as a frequent diagnosis in migrants who originate from Eritrea. A descriptive analysis of GeoSentinel cases of malaria in Eritrean migrants was done together with a literature review to elucidate key attributes of malaria in this group with a focus on possible areas of acquisition of malaria and treatment challenges.ResultsA total of 146 cases were identified from the GeoSentinel database from 1999 through September 2017, with a marked increase in 2014 and 2015. All patients originated from Eritrea and the main reporting GeoSentinel sites were in Norway, Switzerland, Sweden, Israel and Germany. The majority of patients (young adult males) were diagnosed with malaria following arrival in the host country. All patients had a possible exposure in Eritrea, but may have been exposed in documented transit countries including Ethiopia, Sudan and possibly Libya in detention centres. Most infections were due to Plasmodium vivax (84.2%), followed by Plasmodium falciparum (8.2%). Two patients were pregnant, and both had P. vivax malaria. Some 31% of the migrants reported having had malaria while in transit. The median time to onset of malaria symptoms post arrival in the host country was 39 days. Some 66% of patients were hospitalized and nine patients had severe malaria (according to WHO criteria), including five due to P. vivax.ConclusionsThe 146 cases of mainly late onset, sometimes severe, P. vivax malaria in Eritrean migrants described in this multi-site, global analysis reflect the findings of single-centre analyses identified in the literature search. Host countries receiving asylum-seekers from Eritrea need to be prepared for large surges in vivax and, to a lesser extent, falciparum malaria, and need to be aware and prepared for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency testing and primaquine treatment, which is difficult to procure and mainly unlicensed in Europe. There is an urgent need to explore the molecular epidemiology of P. vivax in Eritrean asylum-seekers, to investigate the area of acquisition of P. vivax along common transit routes and to determine whether there has been re-introduction of malaria in areas, such as Libya, where malaria is considered eliminated, but where capable vectors and Plasmodium co-circulate.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2586-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Control of malaria outbreak due to Plasmodium vivax in Aswan Governorate, Egypt

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

The elusive parasite: comparing macroscopic, immunological, and genomic approaches to identifying malaria in human skeletal remains from Sayala, Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD)

The elusive parasite: comparing macroscopic, immunological, and genomic approaches to identifying malaria in human skeletal remains from Sayala, Egypt (third to sixth centuries AD)

Malaria Among Immigrant̕ S Workforce Returning From Endemic Districts in Alwosta City, Egypt

Area of exposure and treatment challenges of malaria in Eritrean migrants: a GeoSentinel analysis

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