Control of mineral scale deposition in cooling systems using secondary-treated municipal wastewater

Li, Heng; Hsieh, Ming-Kai; Chien, Shih‐Yi; Monnell, Jason D.; Dzombak, David A.; Vidic, Radisav D.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.08.052

Cited by 107 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Such models are applicable to laboratory-scale setup using synthetic waters to mimic natural raw water; and these modeling approaches are not yet validated, to the best of our knowledge, on a larger scale with natural raw water. Notably, experimental measurements have been performed in recirculating cooling pilot plants [9] using polymaleic acid (PMA), but the makeup water utilized originates from secondary-treated [22] and tertiarytreated [27] municipal wastewater and not river water, and no growth inhibition model has been proposed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot plant experiments and modeling of CaCO3 growth inhibition by the use of antiscalant polymers in recirculating cooling circuits

Neveux¹,

Bretaud²,

Chhim³

et al. 2016

Desalination

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New experimental data of antiscalant polymer efficiency are presented.• Industrial pilot plants are used using natural raw water.• We present, validate and discuss a model for polymer efficiency.• We provide insights on scale mitigation in recirculating cooling circuits. a b s t r a c tRecirculating cooling circuits are prone to the deposition of scale on heat exchangers and packing surfaces. The addition of antiscalant polymers is efficient for inhibiting the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) because polymers block the active growth sites. In this study, growth inhibition of calcite by using such polymers in industrial pilot plants operating with natural river water, which is critical to mimic a full-scale cooling circuit and accurately evaluate scale inhibition, was reported. Efficiencies of three commercial polymers were compared. The polymers thus investigated demonstrated comparable efficiencies and similar responses to changes in operating conditions. An adsorption-based model was proposed to quantify the inhibition of precipitation kinetics with respect to the process operating conditions and water qualities. Then, the model was validated at a wide range of polymer concentrations, temperatures, and water qualities, representative of industrial systems. A small amount of polymer was sufficient to affect bulk-scale prevention, albeit the efficiency became constant at high polymer concentrations. Under these conditions, a complementary treatment such as acid injection is necessary.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pilot plant experiments and modeling of CaCO3 growth inhibition by the use of antiscalant polymers in recirculating cooling circuits

Neveux¹,

Bretaud²,

Chhim³

et al. 2016

Desalination

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“…Scale suppression in the presence of minute concentrations of polymeric antiscalants is believed to involve effects arising from adsorption of growth inhibiting molecules on the precipitating species. The adsorbed molecules act to retard nucleation and crystal growth processes and to weaken the tenacity of scale, by distorting its crystal structure [7,8].…”

Section: And Casomentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential kinetic model for scaling and scale inhibition mechanism

Al‐Roomi

Hussain

2016

Desalination

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“…Treated municipal wastewater (MWW) is a promising alternative to freshwater as power plant cooling system makeup water, especially in arid regions (Li et al, 2011;Liu et al, 2012). A number of power plants already use MWW as makeup water in their recirculating cooling water systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prominent challenge for the successful use of MWW for cooling is potentially severe mineral deposition (scaling) on pipe surfaces. Li et al (2011) conducted theoretical, laboratory, and field work to evaluate the mineral deposition potential of MWW and its deposition control strategies under conditions relevant to power plant cooling systems. Polymaleic acid (PMA) was found to effectively reduce scale formation when the makeup water was concentrated four times in a recirculating cooling system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Wastewater to Meet the Requirements for Cooling Water Systems in Jordan’s Nuclear Plants

Al‐Rawajfeh¹,

Araj²

2013

Chemical and Process Engineering

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Scaling and corrosion associated with the use of natural hard water in cooling towers during recirculation pose great problems from both economical and technical points of view, such as decreased system efficiency and increased frequency of chemical cleaning. Treated municipal wastewater (MWW) is a promising alternative to freshwater as power plant cooling system makeup water, especially in arid regions. In this work, hybrid systems of salt precipitation (SP), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) were investigated, as potential pretreatment processes for wastewater reuse as cooling water in the planned Jordan nuclear power plants. The As-Samra wastewater was used to calculate the potential of carbonate and sulfate scale formation. The results were compared to scale potentials from Palo Verde wastewater. Four cases were investigated; SP, NF, SP-RO and NF-RO. The SP pretreatment cases showed the highest monovalent to divalent ratio because of a high removal of Ca and Mg and addition of Na from the chemicals of the SP step. The NF pretreatment cases, showed the lowest calcium sulfate scale potential and this potential decreases with the % pretreatment. The scale amount increases very slightly with concentration times when the SP and NF product is desalinated by RO step.

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Control of mineral scale deposition in cooling systems using secondary-treated municipal wastewater

Cited by 107 publications

References 33 publications

Pilot plant experiments and modeling of CaCO3 growth inhibition by the use of antiscalant polymers in recirculating cooling circuits

Pilot plant experiments and modeling of CaCO3 growth inhibition by the use of antiscalant polymers in recirculating cooling circuits

Potential kinetic model for scaling and scale inhibition mechanism

Treatment of Wastewater to Meet the Requirements for Cooling Water Systems in Jordan’s Nuclear Plants

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